ACTINOMYCOSIS. 421 



to call the fungus, from its ray -like appearance, actinomyces ; but 

 what the position of the fungus in nature might be, was difficult to 

 determine. It did not, he believed, belong to the yeast fungi, but to 

 the mould fungi, and might be compared to Botrytis, Monosporium, 

 and Polyactis. 



Bollinger concluded that there could be no doubt that actino- 

 mycosis occupied an important position in the pathology of cattle 

 diseases. As further evidence of the prevalence of the affection, he 

 remarked that Zippehus of Obernburg had observed in the course of 

 about ten years' practice not less than 254 cases of lymphoma, in 

 the neighbourhood of the larynx and pharynx, besides 157 cases 

 of disease of the jaw ; and Bollinger says that he had very little 

 doubt that the greater part of the former, and very likely all the 

 cases in the jaw, were due to the fungus which he had discovered. 

 In certain parts of Franconia, according to a communication received 

 from Professor Frank, these tumours of the throat were extremely 

 abundant in cattle. 



Bollinger's researches were followed by those of Siedamgrotzky, 

 and later by a communication from Johne. Johne described the 

 various forms of the disease which had up to that date been 

 recognised, including a description of actinomycosis of the ' bones 

 of the jaws, of the fauces, of the larynx, of the oesophagus, of the 

 stomach and intestinal canal, and of the udder. He carried out a 

 series of experiments, by which ib was clearly estabhshed that the 

 disease could be communicated from cattle to cattle. Previously 

 Bolhnger, Harz, Perroncito, Ponfick, Siedamgrotzky, and Johne had 

 failed, but subsequently by employing fresh material from the 

 living animal, both Johne and Ponfick succeeded. 



Siedamgrotzky not only confirmed BolKnger's researches, but he 

 described the presence of the fungus in so-called " multiple sarcomas " 

 of the mucous membrane of the oesophagus. Babe described the 

 presence of the fungus in tumours known as Winddorn, and pointed 

 out that, in at least one case, he considered that the disease had 

 been carried by the lymphatics. There were eleven subcutaneous 

 tumours in a row on the face, which were connected by swollen, 

 rope-hke, lymphatic vessels. They appeared to be secondary to a 

 growth on the nostril, the size of a hen's egg. 



Perroncito described a case of " sarcoma " of the intestines and 

 stomach, which proved to be actinomycosis. 



Many additional communications were made on the subject of 

 this disease. Ponfick produced it in the lungs by intravenous 

 injection, and subsequently three cases occurring naturally in the 



