KEY TO LAND MAMMALS OF NORTHEASTERN -NORTH AMERICA 12/ 

 SPECIES OP CANIS 



Fur white in winter C. albus 



Fur always dark C. ocoidentalis 



Canis albus (J. Sabine) Arctic wolf 



1823 Canis lupus albus J. Sabine, Franklin's journal, appendix, p. 655. 



(Fort Enterprise) 

 1898 C a n i 8 albus Bangs, American naturalist. July 1898. 32:505. 



Fur white in winter. (This animal \i very slightly known. I have seen no 

 specimens, nor can I find reliable published measurements.) (iilbus; Lat., 

 white) 



The arctic wolf inhabits the barren arctic regions of America. Within 

 our limits it is confined to northern Labrador. 



Canis occidentalis (Richardson) American wolf 



1829 Canis lupus, occi d entails Kichardson, Fauna Boreali-Amerioana. 



1 : 60. (Northern North America) 

 1898 Canis occidentalis Bangs, American naturalist. .July 1898. 32:505. 



Back brownish or blackish mixed with tawny; belly light tawny or dirty 

 whitish. Total length, 1465 (57); tail vertebrae, 405 (16); hiud foot, 225 (9). 

 (occidentalis; Lat., western, i. e. inhabiting the western hemisphere) 



The American wolf is now exterminated within our Hmits in all but 

 the wildest and most sparsely settled regions. The exact boundaries of 

 the animal's range are unknown. 



Genus Vulpes Richardson 



1829 Vulpe s Eichardson, Fauna Boreali-Amerioana. 1:83-91. Based on 

 the American foxes. 

 Teeth 42 ; upper front teeth not lobed ; pupil of eye elliptic ; tail loith a uni- 

 form coat of long liair and an ahundant soft under-far. (Vulpes; Lat., a fox) 



The genus Vulpes contains a half dozen or more species, all of 

 which are peculiar to the northern hemisphere. Four or more occur in 

 North America. Three of these are found within our limits. 



SPECIES OF VULPES 



■Ear rounded, scarcely overtopping fur, color bluish gray in 



summer, white in winter V. lagopus 



Ear pointed, long and conspicuous ; fur normally fulvous or 

 reddish at all seasons (occasionally black or gray) 



Claws short, mostly hidden by the fur ; color dark V. fulvus 



•Claws very long and conspicuous ; color pale V. deletrix 



