Among Horses in India. 45 



purified by dissolving in liot water, straining through calico, 

 and leaving it to dry and crystallize. 



ISTux vomica, kuchla, is sold in the form of the unbroken 

 seed; this is tough and horny, therefore very difficult to powder 

 unless first heated. The better plan is to have it powdered 

 by the natives in the bazaars. As prepared by them, I have 

 always found it so very efficacious in the treatment of 

 paralysis that I never used strychnine while in India. 



Opium, afim, is so frequently adulterated with starch, 

 sugar, pounded leaves, and other impurities, that it should 

 always be procured from the Government stores instead of 

 the bazaars, and should be kept under lock and key, other- 

 wise it is sure to be stolen piecemeal by the native assistants, 

 who are sometimes sent by the farriers to bring articles from 

 the pharmacy. 



Sulphate of iron, hira kasis, can be bought sufficiently 

 good for internal use, but very impure samples are frequently 

 supplied if not refused by the veterinary surgeon. 



Sulphate of copper, nila tuthia, is usually good. 



Sulphur^ gandak, answers well for external use ; but it is 

 not always pure enough to be given internally with safety, 

 as it sometimes contains arsenic. 



Both turpentine, ganda barosa, and oil of turpentine, 

 ganda barosa ka tel, are mostly of good quality. 



Vinegar, sirka, is not nearly so clear and strong as that 

 sold in England, but is good enough for ordinary use in 

 lotion. 



Tar sold in bazaars is usually the refuse from the gas 

 factories of large stations. 



When Barbadoes or Norwegian tar is wanted, it should be 

 obtained by indent from the Government stores. 



European olive oil can be bought in bottles at all large 

 bazaars, but for making liniments, the common sweet oil of 

 India, mitha tel, answers every purpose, and is cheaper. It 

 is expressed from the seeds of Sessamum Indicum, called til. 



Oil expressed from the seeds of the nim tree, Azadirachta 

 Indica, is sold everywhere, and is useful for keeping flies 

 from wounds, but is slightly irritating to the skin. 



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