Among Horses in Ind'la. 67 



nostrils, usually at first like that in catarrhal fever, but after- 

 wards of a ]ymph-like character, and sometimes tinged with 

 the red colouring matter of the blood. Petechite are seen on 

 the Schneiderian membrane, the breathing is quick, the pulse 

 ranges from 60 to 70, and the temperature of the rectum 

 frequently reaches 106°. 



At the latter end of an outbreak some cases may be so 

 mild that, if anthrax were not in the station, they might 

 readily be mistaken for slight attacks of catarrhal fever. 



I have seen several horses in a regiment seized at the same 

 time with symptoms of that disease, the breathing being 

 quick, but not excessively so, the pulse 60 or 70, the visible 

 mucous membranes rather red, with a moderate discharge of 

 mucus from the nostrils. There would be no reason to 

 suspect danger, except from the high temperature, viz., 

 104° to 106°. 



Treated with the common remedies for catarrhal fever, 

 such as salines and diffusible stimulants, some of these horses 

 have recovered in four or five days ; while the others, treated 

 with the very same medicines, have at the end of the third 

 or fourth day begun to swell round the throat, and have died 

 within twenty-four to forty-eight hours afterwards. 



On making a post-mortem examination, the usual well- 

 known appearances of anthrax have been found. 



Duration of Disease. — The duration of the disease varies 

 from about two hours to five or six days. Its progress is 

 sometimes so rapid that a horse, apparently in good health at 

 mid-day feed, will be dead in two hours afterwards ; but even 

 at the beginning of an outbreak the majority of horses will 

 be sick from six to ten or fifteen hours before dying. 



Causes of Death. — The immediate causes of death are 

 various. 



1. Paralysis of the whole nervous system, from the blood 

 being deficient in vitality, or perhaps from the bacteria 

 mechanically impeding its fiow through the capillaries, such 

 paralysis gradually stopping the action of the respiratory and 

 circulatory organs. 



2. Apoplexy, produced by the impediment to the flow of 



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