PNEUMONIA. 



235 



(a) Stain by the method of Gram, and after-stain with eosin. 



(i) Treat with acetic acid, then stain with gentian-violet or Bismarck- 

 brown. Examine in distilled water, or dry and preserve in Canada 

 balsam. 



(c) Float them on weak solutions of the aniline dyes twenty-fonr 

 hoars ; differentiation between coccus and capsule is thus obtained. 



(d) Stain with osmic acid ; the contour of the capsules is brought 

 out. 



■^i 



Fig. 115. — Capsule-cocci fbom Pneumonia, x 1500 (Baumgabten). 



Sections of pneumonic lung should be stained by — 



(a) Method of Gram. 



(6) Method of Friedlander. This method is employed to demonstrate 

 the capsules in tissue sections. It consists in placing the sections twenty- 

 four hours in the following solution : — 



Puchsine . . . 1 



Distilled water 100 



Alcohol .... .5 



Glacial acetic acid 2 



They are then rinsed with alcohol, transferred for a couple of minutes 

 to a 2 per cent, solution of acetic acid, and treated with alcohol and oil 

 of cloves in the usual way, and preserved in Canada balsam. 



Sternberg's micrococcus was first found in the blood of rabbits 

 inoculated with saliva. Three months afterwards, Pasteur encoun- 

 tered the same organism in rabbits inoculated with the blood of a 

 child suffering from rabies. The same organism in 1883 was found 

 by Talamon in pneumonic sputum. It was identified by Sternberg. 

 Two years afterwards further observations were made by Frankel, 

 Gamaleia, and others. It has also been found in purulent meningitis 

 by Netter, and by Monti in cerebro-spinal meningitis, by Weichsel- 

 baum in ulcerative endocarditis, and by others in acute abscess of 

 the middle ear, and in purulent inflammation of the joints following 

 pneumonia. 



