420 INFECTIVE DISEASES. , 



Germany as Holzzunge. In other cases the condition was regarded 

 as " tubercle of the tongue,'' " chronic sarcoma," " chronic interstitial 

 glossitis,'' or simply " degeneration of the tongue.'' 



Bollinger described this disease as occurring in cattle of all ages,, 

 developing itself gradually, and being always incurable. As a rule, 

 the animals were slaughtered, because the diminished mobility and 

 enlargement of the tongue interfered with feeding. He also pointed 

 out that this disease of the tongue was by no means rare, as he had 

 had no less than six such tongues from different parts of Bavaria in 

 the space of a year, and he also had been able to prove the existence 

 of the disease in museum specimens. 



On further continuing his researches, Bollinger found the same 

 fungus in tumours which occurred in the pharynx, larynx, and 

 the mucous membrane of the stomach. These tumours were very 

 common in the throat in some parts of North Germany, where as 

 many as 5 per cent, of the animals had been known to be affected. 

 The disease frequently occurred in the form of subcutaneous 

 neoplasms, called Lymphtmie, Hohzgeschwulste, Fibrome, Tuherkel, 

 Tuherhel-scropheln. 



This disease also appeared in the form of abscesses, which were 

 called, in many districts, Schlundheulen. These growths were found 

 in the neighbourhood of the parotid gland, the larynx, and pharynx, 

 and were similar in every respect to the affection of the jaw. They 

 were described as starting apparently from lymphatic vessels in 

 these parts. Bollinger discovered the fungus in a case of so-called 

 fibroid of the second stomach of a cow, a spongy growth nearly the 

 size of the fist ; and he believed that in another case the disease 

 manifested itself in the form of tubercular ulceration of the 

 intestines. 



Bollinger submitted the fungus to Di-. Harz, a botanist, who 

 described the fungi as mulberry-like masses from '5 to 1 mm. in 

 diameter. They appeared to the naked-eye as opaque, white grains, 

 and when calcified were difficult to recognise. On slight pressure 

 the tufts of the fungi fell apart into segments of unequal size, each 

 of which appeared to correspond to an individual fungus. The 

 latter was described as beginning at the pointed end of the wedge, 

 with a somewhat cone-shaped basal cell, which, in the absence of a 

 mycelium, perhaps took its place, and bore a great number of short 

 linked hyphse. At the ends of the hyphse there were oval, globular, 

 or elongated club-shaped bodies, the reproductive cells or gonidia. 



Cultivation experiments, and inoculation of the tongue of a calf 

 with liquid containing the micro-organism, failed. Harz proposed 



