564 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 



later becomes greyish -brown, shin- 

 ing, wrinkled and irregular. 



On potato the growth is Tery 

 slight and limited. 



They cause ammoniacal decom- 

 position of urine. 



They were isolated from phthisi- 

 cal sputum. 



Sarcina Reiten'bacliii (Caspary). 

 — Cocci about 1'5 to 2'5 /i in diam., 

 at the time of division lengthened 

 to 4 jx. liiostly united together 

 from 4 to 8 in number ; occasion- 

 ally 16 or more. Colourless cell- 

 wall, lined with rose-red layer of 

 plasma. 



They were found on rotting 

 water-plants. 



Sarcina rosea (Schroter). — 

 Large cocci, in packets. 



Inoculated in the depth of gela- 

 tine, liquefaction quickly takes 

 place, and cultures after a time 

 have a reddish colour. 



On agar the growth is slow and 

 limited. 



On potato the growth is abundant 

 and of a bright-red colour. 



In broth they produce turbidity, 

 aiid a red deposit. 



They occur in the air. 



Sarcina urinsB (Welcker).— Very 

 •small cocci, 12 /i in diam., united 

 in families of 8 to 64. They were 

 •observed in urine. 



Sarcina ventriculi (Goodsir).— - 

 <3occi reaching 4 ft in diam., united 

 in groups of four, or multiples of 

 four, producing cubes or packets 

 with rounded-off corners. Contents 

 ■of the cells are greenish or yellow- 

 ish-red. 



Colonies are round and yellowish. 

 A yellowish growth forms on the 

 surface of oblique gelatine without 

 liquefaction. 



On potato they form a yellow 

 ■growth, and on serum also. 



They grow well in hay-infusion, 

 forming brownish scales and a simi- 

 larly-coloured deposit. 



They occur in the stomach of man 

 and animals in health and disease, 

 and were first detected in vomit. 



Sphaerotilus natans.— Cells 4 to 

 9 fi, long, and 3 fi thick, united in 

 a gelatinous sheath to form threads. 



The cells comprise rods and cocci- 

 forms ; the cocci are set free, and 

 develop into rods, which again form 

 threads. In the last a false branch- 

 ing has been observed. The plasma 

 of the cells break up into minute, 

 strongly-refractive portions, which 

 develop into round spores, at first 

 of a red and afterwards a brown 

 colour. 



They occur in stagnant and flow- 

 ing water contaminated with or- 

 ganic matter, and form floating 

 flakes of a white, yellow, rust-red, 

 or yellow-brown colour. 



Spirillum amyliferum (Van 

 Tieghem). — Filaments 6 ft in length 

 and 1'4 to Vb /* in width ; with 

 from 2 to 4 screw curves. 



They act as a strong ferment in 

 the absence of air. 

 They occur in water. 

 Spirillum anserum (Sakharoff). 

 — Spirilla resembling the Spiro- 

 chseta Obermeieri. E -x t re m e 1 y 

 motile. 



They have not been cultivated 

 artificially. 



Blood from diseased geese, con- 

 taining the spirilla, produces the 

 disease when inoculated in healthy 

 birds. The geese suffer from 

 diarrhoea, and die in about a week. 

 They were found in the blood of 

 geese suffering from an epidemic 

 form of septicaemia prevailing at 

 some of the stations on the Trans- 

 caucasian Railway. 



Spirillum attenuatum (Warm- 

 ing). — Threads much attenuated at 

 the ends, which consist usually of 

 three spirals. The middle spiral is 

 about 11 ft high and 6 ft in diam., 

 and the end ones 10 ft high and 2 ft 

 in diam. 



They are found in brackish water. 

 Spirillum aureum (Weibel).— 

 Curved rods with blant ends, spi- 

 rilla and spirilliform filaments, and 

 involution forms. ■ 



Colonies are circular and golden- 

 yellow. 



Inoculated in the depth of gela- 

 tine, a finely granular growth forms 

 in the track of the needle, and a 

 yellow-ochre prominent mass on 

 the free surface. 



