610 APPENDICES. 



Pfmffer's bodies. — Pfeiffer has described certain appearances 

 which he attributes to coccidia, in epithelial cells in small-pox, 

 vaccinia, and other vesicular diseases. They are probably only 

 derived from the cell nucleus, and are not parasites. 



Cancer bodies. — In sections of malignant gro\^'ths stained by 

 aniline dyes, certain bodies have been found and minutely described 

 and figured by various investigators, and a causal relation sug- 

 gested. Darier first described bodies Uke cysts, with spores, in 

 Paget's disease of the nipple. Wickham found similar structures 

 and figured them. Nils Sjbbring described a cancer parasite, and 

 illustrated his researches with plates. Russell drew attention to 

 certain bodies in cancerous tumours, with a great afiinity for 

 fuchsine. Soudakewitch, Podwyssozki,' Sawtschenko, Ruffer, and 

 Walker have, among others, contributed to the literature of the so- 

 called cancer parasites. These bodies appear in the form of ref ractile 

 spherical elements, which stain well with reagents, such as the 

 Ehrlich-Biondi stain. Sections are left in this stain for twenty-four 

 hours, washed in alcohol, cleared in xylol, and mounted in xylol 

 balsam. The spherical bodies have sometimes a radiate appearance. 

 These bodies have not been cultivated, and inoculation experiments 

 with cancerous tissue have been negative. The opinion is now very 

 generally held that these bodies are not parasites, but that changes 

 occur in the cells and nuclei, resulting in the formation of peculiar 

 structures, which have been brought to light by the use of aniline 

 dyes and complex staining methods. We are justified in concluding 

 that the cause of cancer is unknown. 



Ballance and Shattock have made repeated attempts to cultivate 

 parasitic protozoa from maHgnant tumours, and they have extended 

 their researches to vaccinia and molluscum contagiosv/n, but with 

 negative results. Sand and water were used as the medium for 

 these experiments. Cultivations were made from nine scirrhous 

 carcinomata of the breast, five sarcomata from different sources, two 

 melanotic sarcomata from horses, and a sarcoma from a dog. In 

 every instance the result was negative. No traces of protozoic life 

 could .be found, in spite of examinations at regular intervals, and 

 repeated for periods of many months. 



Amceba CoLi. 



Lbsch, Grassi, Kartulis, and others have described an amoeba in 

 the intestines of patients suffering from dysentery. Lbsch adminis- 

 tered the fresh dejecta of a patient containing the amoebae to dogs, 



