444 



INDEX 



Vibration, effect on transpiration, 



177. 

 Virgin soil, to lie fallow after 



breaking, 140. 



Wagner, 154, 155. 



Washington, area, 26 ; type of 

 rainfall in, 39 ; soils of, 75 ; fal- 

 lowing in, 196 ; wheats in, 240 ; 

 dry-farming in, 357 ; fifth Dry- 

 farming Congress in Spokane, 

 377 ; present status of dr>-- 

 farming in, 384. 



Washington Statio/i, dry-farming in, 

 369. 



Water, see also Soil-water. 94 ; the 

 critical element in dry-farming, 

 1, 203, 204; the scarcity of free 

 water in arid districts, 331; 

 scarcity of water and livestock, 

 295 ; sources of, 333 ; solvent 

 action in soil formation, 54 ; 

 moving water in soil formation, 

 52 ; freezing water in soil forma- 

 tion, 52 ; saline ingredients, 340 ; 

 sources and quantity of subter- 

 ranean w^ater, 338 ; storing in 

 soil, 94 ; surface, evaporation 

 from free, 132 ; absorption of 

 water by seeds, 210; in germi- 

 nation, 205 ; absorbed by roots 

 only, 94 ; movement of water 

 through plant, 170 ; rate of move- 

 ment through plant, 170; evap- 

 orated through stomata on leaves, 

 173; for one pound of dry matter, 

 12 ; in dry-farm crops, 262 ; 

 pumping water for dry-farms, 

 341 ; use of little water in irriga- 

 tion, 344 ; carried in pipes, 347 ; 

 case of economical use of, in Ari- 

 zona, 348. 

 Water-fable, distance in arid soils, 



105. 

 Water vapor, formation of, 132 ; 



held in air, 133-134. 

 Waves, in soil formation, 53. 



Weathering, 51 ; depth of, 60. 



Weeds, cause loss of soil moisture, 

 162 ; abhorred by dry-farmer, 

 124; on the dry-farm, 414; 

 disk harrow to destroy, 313; 

 Utah weeder, 313 ; discussed by 

 Dry-farming Congress, 196. 



Wells, as source of water, 339. 



Wheat, classification for dry-farm- 

 ing, 236 ; on dry-farms, 234 ; 

 pounds of water for one pound, 

 14, 16 ; water absorbed by seeds 

 of, 209 ; repeated drjnng in ger- 

 mination, 218; amount to sow, 

 224 ; depth of roots, 88 ; varia- 

 tion in composition, 268 ; effect 

 of climate on composition, 272 ; 

 composition in humid and semi- 

 arid United States, 270, 271 ; 

 water in, 263 ; spring wheat in 

 rotations, 299 ; dry-farm wheat 

 in California, 383; durum, 237; 

 value of fall sowing of, 215; 

 spring, 236 ; semisoft winter, 

 239 ; Turkey, Kharkow, and 

 Crimean. 238; -n-inter, 238; 

 winter wheat in rotations, 299 ; 

 water and j'ield, 346. 



White Australiart wheat, 240. 



Whitman, Marcus, pioneer of Co- 

 lumbia Basin, 357. 



Whitney, 112, 149. 



Wiley, 263. 



Wilson, James, Secretary of Agri- 

 culture, 372. 



Wilting, stomata when wilting 

 occurs, 173. 



Wind, and winter killing. 214 ; see 

 also Blowing; over dry -farm 

 territory, 47 ; effect on water in 

 air, 135 ; effect in rapid top 

 drjang of soils, 148 ; effect on 

 transpiration, 177 ; in soil for- 

 mation, 53. 



Windmill, conditions for success, 

 342; for pumping, 341. 



Winter, evaporation in, 134. 



