CONDITIONS BY TOWNSHIPS 69 



in going northward. A fairly continuous ridge, extending across the 

 township in a northeast-southwest direction separates the waters of 

 the Beaver from those of the Moira. Another ridge runs from the north- 

 ern side of Crow lake in a northeasterly direction and meets the water- 

 shed ridge near the centre of the township. Spurs from these two 

 main ridges divide the lesser streams and form rounded hUls and 

 knolls. The remaining portion of the township has the appearance 

 of a moderately dissected plateau on which the drainage is feeble, 

 and consequently swamps are numerous. These vary in size from little 

 pockets in the limestone to one containing 700 acres. 



Rock and Soil. — ^The plateaus and broader ridges are underlain by 

 limestone, while the sharper ridges represent intrusions of hornblende 

 and gneissic rock through the limestone. In the northwestern comer 

 of the township these intrusions have vertical strata forming sharp 

 crested ridges with precipitous slopes, and the region between the 

 slopes, not occupied by swamps, is strewn with broken fragments of 

 rock. Portions of the limestone plateaus are also covered with 

 boulders. 



Forest Conditions. — The forest occupies 73.8 per cent of the town- 

 ship. The plateau area south of Crow lake, the region between Bron- 

 son creek and Beaver creek, and the ridges in the northwestern portion 

 of the township were originally pineries. The pines have been re- 

 moved and, as a whole, their reproduction is scanty. This comprises 

 13.4 per cent of the area and is now covered with the poplar-birch 

 type. The greater portion of the township was, and still is, covered 

 by the hardwood type, in which maple and beech are dominant, with 

 scattering basswood, ash, elm, and hemlock. This type is represented 

 chiefly by farm wood-lots and covers 48 per cent of the area. The 

 numerous swamps, containing black ash, elm, balsam, black spruce, 

 and cedar, occupy 12.1 per cent of the area. The pine-coniferous 

 type is very restricted, only 0.2 per cent. Recent fires have also been 

 practically absent, burning only o.i per cent of the area. 



Lake Township 



Watersheds. — The drainage of Lake township is about equally 

 divided between Beaver creek and Deer river, whose waters fall into 

 Crow river, which, in ttim, flows into the Trent canal. The township 

 has 2,600 acres of water surface, the aggregate of a dozen and a half 

 of lakes. The largest lakes are Tangamong, Trout, Whetstone, Dickey 

 Islands, Clear, Jack, and Copeway, in the northern portion of the 

 township. 



Topography. — The streams are separated by broad rounded ridges, 

 and they are the highest and the most precipitous on the diorite out- 



