74 COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION 



of the area. Approximately one-quarter of the township is now in 

 possession of poplar and birch, the area of the former pineries. 



Faraday Township 



Waiersheds.—Th& western half of the township or approximately 

 45 square miles, drains into Deer river by the way of Pandash brook, and 

 thence by way of Crow river into the Trent waters. The waters of 

 the eastern portion of the township flow into the York river. Small 

 lakes are numerous, but the largest has an area of less than 300 acres. 



Topography. — ^The nimierous ridges are all approximately the same 

 height until the northern part of the township is reached, where the 

 granite outcrops extend from 50 to 100 feet higher than the limestone 

 ridges to the southward. Tho slopes are steep, often precipitous, and 

 the valleys are narrow, the widest being not over a half mile wide. 



Rock and Soil. — The greater portion of the township is underlain 

 by limestone, thinly covered by soil on the ridges and deeply covered 

 by sand in the valleys. The major portion of the three northern con- 

 cessions is occupied by gneissic granite, with many amphibolite inclu- 

 sions. Where the forest is unbumed, the soil is gravelly loam covering 

 the rock to a moderate depth, but, on the burned areas, the bare rock 

 is largely exposed. 



Forest Conditions. — Eighty-seven and one-half per cent of the town- 

 ship is forested. The mature forest is of the maple-beech type and it 

 covers 35.1 per cent, while the immature poplar-birch type covers 

 34.9 per cent of the township. The least culled portions of the hard- 

 wood forest are in the northern and southern portions of the area lying 

 within the watershed. The mixed forest and the coniferous forests are 

 found in the swamps, and they comprise 3.4 per cent and 1.8 per cent 

 of the area, respectively. Eight and one-tenth per cent of the township 

 has been recently burned. 



Peterborough County 



Chandos Township 



Watersheds. — Practically all of Chandos township discharges its 

 waters into Deer river. Its water surface comprises 4,500 acres, and 

 it is practically all contained in Loon lake. 



Topography. — South of concession xiv, Chandos is a series of 

 broad, rounded ridges and hills, having about the same elevation, 150 to 

 200 feet above the lakes and stream valleys. The region has the ap- 

 pearance of a plateau which has been dissected by the streams. North 

 of concession xiv the elevation increases rapidly in a series of ridges 



