CONDITIONS BY TOWNSHIPS 75 



to about soo feet, above Loon lake. The northern portion of the 

 township belongs topographically to the more rugged regions in Cardiff 

 and Faraday, while the southern portion corresponds to the flatter 

 regions to the southward. 



Rock and Soil. — North of Loon lake the rock is about equally 

 divided between crystalline limestone and hornblende schist and a 

 mixt\u-e of the two intimately associated. The soil is a light sandy 

 loam. South of Loon lake it is mostly granite and nearly related 

 rock. 



Forest Conditions. — ^Apparently the forests of Chandos were origi- 

 nally about equally divided between coniferous and hardwood lands. 

 The former pine lands are now covered with poplar and birch, which 

 extend over 32.1 per cent of the area. Some 18,890 acres, or 36.6 

 per cent of the area, now support a hardwood forest, of which all but 

 2,600 acres have been severely culled. The better class of hardwoods 

 is found along the eastern margin of the township. Mixed swamps 

 containing cedar, fir, hemlock, black spruce, black ash, elm, and maple 

 are frequent along the slow-moving Paudash creek and Deer river. 

 These swamps occupy ii.i per cent of the area, and from them come 

 most of the merchantable timber cut in the township. As a whole, 

 91.9 per cent of the township is forested. 



Methuen Township 



Watersheds. — The central and eastern portions of Methuen drain 

 through Kasshabog lake into North river, thence by Crow river into 

 the Trent. The waters from the northwestern portion of the township 

 flow through Jack creek into Stony lake. The township has nearly 

 6,000 acres of water surface, mostly contained in Jack lake and in 

 Kasshabog lake. 



Topography. — The most conspicuous topographic feature of the 

 township is a high ridge ruiming in a northeast-southwest direction, 

 and separating the Jack creek from the North river drainage. The 

 ridge is 1,100 feet above the sea, between Jack creek and Kasshabog 

 lake, where the ridge and its spurs are called the Blue mountains, and 

 it rises about 300 feet above the surrounding plain. In the other por- 

 tions of the township the ridges are not more than 100 feet above the 

 streams, and, in most places, much less. The east-central portion of 

 the township is nearly flat, and is called the Blueberry 'barrens,' an 

 apt designation, for huckleberries are about the only things of com- 

 mercial value that grow upon them. The drainage is sluggish and 

 marshes and swales are abundant. South of this area the cotmtry is 

 much broken by low ridges with the exception of the outcrops of sedi- 



