CONDITIONS BY TOWNSHIPS 79 



severely culled. Much of this has been burned in patches. Around 

 the upper end of Catchacoma lake there is a good forest in which 

 hemlock is the prevailing species. This joins to the eastward with 

 the block of hemlock in Anstruther. This, with patches of coniferous 

 forest in other places, makes 7 per cent of the forest area belonging to 

 the coniferous type. Of the area 2 per cent is composed of mixed 

 forest. This has been severely culled. The remaining 38 per cent 

 of the forest area has been burned at various times and is now chiefly 

 covered with birch and poplar. 



Galway Township 



Watersheds. — The southern and western portions of the township 

 drain southerly by Squaw river and Harvey brook into Pigeon lake, 

 while the central western and northwestern portions drain southerly 

 and westerly by Union creek into Four-mile lake in SomervUle township 

 and thence into Balsam lake. The largest body of water, Swamp 

 lake, contains 1,000 acres. Lakes are not so frequent as in other 

 townships, since only 3.5 per cent of the township is water. 



Topography. — ^The topography, especially that of the eastern 

 portion is similar to that already described for Cavendish. There 

 is less rehef and the ridges are broader and flatter in the western por- 

 tion of the township. A high point, about a nule east of Bass lake, 

 commands a view of the southern half of the township. 



Rock and Soil. — Crystalline limestone covers the greater portion 

 of the township. The sharper ridges are composed of hornblende 

 sqhist. There are outcrops of granite and related rock in the 

 north-eastern portion. The soil on the top of the ridges is not more 

 than 8 inches deep ; on the slopes it is deeper but sandy, while, at 

 the base of the more gentle slopes, good loam occurs. It is, however, 

 ■patchy and restricted in distribution. In common with the whole 

 region, swamps occupy the depressions between the ridges. 



Forest Conditions. — ^The township is forested to the extent of 

 87.6 per cent of its area, a little more than one-half of which, 53.2 

 per cent is the old bum type. The hardwoods occupy 17.3 per cent 

 of the area, and they are found in best development in the central 

 portion of the township. They have been for the most part severely 

 culled, only 900 acres being, classed as virgin and semi-virgin. The 

 mixed type as usual is found on the low Ijdng land, and as usual makes 

 up a small percentage of the area (4.4 per cent). The area of the coni- 

 ferous type (12.2 per cent) is relatively large. This is due to a block 

 of pine in the western portion of concessions v, vi, vii, and viii. 

 Four-tenths per cent of the township has been recently burned. 



