84 COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION 



of the plateau. The rest of the township has the characteristic topo- 

 graphy of low, broad, major ridges and lower, sharper-crested minor 

 ridges. 



Rock and Soil—The eastern portion of the township south of Mink 

 lake and in the valley of the Irondale river on the south, is underlain by 

 crystalline limestone. Most of the remaining portion, except for the 

 diorite area in the southeastern comer is granite. The upland soils 

 throughout the township are, almost without exception, absolute 

 forest soils, being too thin, too sandy, or too stony for successful 

 farming. 



Forest Conditions. — Of the area of the township, 68.5 per cent is of 

 old-bum type, mostly the result of an extensive fire about 30 years ago. 

 This was once a pinery. At present only 0.5, per cent of the area is 

 covered with a coniferous forest. The hardwood type occupies 120.7 

 per cent of the township, most of it being in the southeastern comer. 

 This is composed of farm wood-lots, and it has been severely culled of 

 its saw-logs. The mixed coniferous-hardwood type has an extent of 

 I.I per cent, and the recent bums cover 1.3 per cent of the township. 



Lutterworth Township 



Watersheds. — The drainage of the major portion of Lutterworth 

 is into GuU river. The southeastern comer of the township, however, 

 is drained by tributaries of Burnt river. Seven per cent of the town- 

 ship is covered by water. 



Topography. — ^The portion of Lutterworth north and west of GuU 

 lake is very rough, a maze of ridges and monadnock hills, but, as one 

 goes southward, the altitude decreases, the ridges are lower,- broader 

 and farther apart, untU, at the southern border, the region has the ap- 

 pearance of a plain into which the streams have worn narrow valleys. 



Rock and Soil. — ^The rock of the township is about equally divided 

 between granite and crystalline limestone with frequent intrusions of 

 granitic and hornblende rock. The latter lies in a strip about five 

 miles wide, passing diagonally through the township on the southern 

 and eastern side of Gull river. In the south central portion of the 

 township there are outcrops of sedimentary limestone. Except in the 

 immediate stream valleys, the soil throughout the township is either 

 thiii and sandy, or deep and stony. Obviously, nature never intended 

 it for a farming township. 



Forest Conditions. — The greater portion of the township was evi- 

 dently once an immense pinery, but now only o.i per cent of its area 

 is covered by a coniferous forest. The former pinery, 78 per cent of 

 the area, is now covered with poplar, most of which is the result of 



