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the fruit industry, and is a testimony to the sturdiness, both of 
the culturists and the soil they have so skilfully wrested from 
obscurity. 
They have done much with water in the way of reducing soils 
whose latent strength would never have been available in any 
other way, to a state wherein the tender rootlets of both tree and 
herb could secure their proper sustenance, but is not a werd of 
caution needful? To some I feel sure there is danger not in 
using too little but too much water. Were fruit trees lovers of 
much moisture, as are willows, then the case would be very 
different. 
It needs but little in the way of argument after all that 
practical men have written and done to make plain the need in 
some form or other, when a young man takes upon himself to aim 
at becoming a successful tiller of the soil. In some positions he 
may dispense with artificial drainage, but not necessarily so 
because his block is on a hill-side ; it may be the more necessary 
on that account. There are of course many ways of carrying off 
the soakage :—(1) The open trench; (2) the same half-filled with 
stones topped by soil; (3) the trench and drain pipe styles 
combined thus :— 
ExampLe oF APPROVED DRaIn. 
Sole 
REPLACED Wellrammed. 
Sons oF 
LITTER 
B STONES About 24 inches 
in size. 
A PIPE Agricultural pipe 
resting on the 
rE = clay. 
This is without doubt the best and most reliable of drains. 
Some people who are but little suited to bring even a small area 
into a state of culture err by taking—say, for them—the enormous 
quantity of 200 or more acres (much of it very poor and sour) 
in various parts of the colony. They “ ring” and burn the trees, 
and distress all lovers of the beautiful by the mischief effected, 
and do not in any way compensate for it by actual culture or 
other real improvement. And they are at last worn out and 
‘dispirited, poverty-struck and old, with a feeling that their way 
at least of rural living did not yield those pleasures about which 
poets have sung and artists delighted to portray. It behoves 
