172 NOTES 



29. (p. 57). Gelatine was introduced by Robert Koch (Zur Untersuchung von 



pathogenen Mikroorganismen, Mitt. a. d. kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, vol. i, 1881). 

 Agar (prepared from red marine algae, Gracilaria, Eucheuma) was, according 

 to HtiPPE (Methoden d. Bakterienforschung, 5th ed. p. 250), first used by 

 Frau Hesse. 



30. (p. 58). Lehmann and Neumann (note 3). 



31. (p. 60). Pasteur, Infusoires vivant sans gaz oxygene libre, Comptes rendus, 



vol. lii. pp. 344 and 1260, 1861. Pasteur, Etudes sur la biere, Paris 1876, 

 chap, vi; Nencki in the works given in note 27. The number of newer 

 works on anaerobiosis is enormous, see notes 68, 94, 95, 1 10. 



32. (p. 61). Engelmann, Neue Methode zur Untersuchung der Sauerstoffausscheidung 



pflanzlicher und tierischer Organismen, Bot. Zeit. 1881, and Ueber Sauerstoff- 

 ausscheidung von Pflanzenzellen im Mikrospektrum, Bot. Zeit. 1882. 



33. (p. 63). F. Cohn, Ueber thermogene Bakterien, Berichte d. deutsch. bot. Gesell- 



sch. xx. p. 66 (1893). 



34. (p. 63). For phosphorescent bacteria see Pfluger, Ueber die Phosphorescenz ver- 



wesender Organismen, Archiv f. d. gesamte Physiologie xi, 1875 ; Ludwig, Die 

 bisherigen Untersuchungen iiber photogene Bakterien, Centralbl. f. Bakt. vol. ii, 

 1887; E. FISCHER, Zeitschrift f. Hygiene, vols, i and ii, 1886, 1887; BEYERINCK, 

 note 28, and in Archives Neerlandaises des sciences exactes et nat. vol. xxiii, 

 1889; E. Fischer, Die Bakterien des Meeres, Plankton-Expedition, vol. iv, 

 1894; Kutscher, Deutsche mediz. Wochenschrift, 1893. 



35. (p. 64). From E. FISCHER, Plankton-Exped. vol. iv, 1894. 



36. (p. 65). Winogradsky, Ueber Schwefelbakterien, Bot. Zeit. 1887 ; and in Beitrage 



z. Morphologie und Physiologie der Bakterien, Leipzig 1888. 



37. (p. 68). Engelmann, Die Purpurbakterien und ihre Beziehungen zum Lichte, Bot. 



Zeit. 1888 ; see also previous note. 



38. (p. 69). Winogradsky, Ueber Eisenbakterien, Bot. Zeit. 1888 ; Molisch, Die 



Pflanze in ihren Beziehungen zum Eisen, Jena 1892, p. 60. 



39. (p. 71). A series of experiments on the influence of light on typhoid bacilli is given 



by Janowski, Zur Biologie d. Typhusbazillen, Centralbl. f. Bakt. vol. viii, 1890 ; 

 also Buchner, ibid. vols, xi and xii. [See also Phil. Trans., 1 894, p. 961.] 



40. (p. 72). According to Buchner (Centralbl. f. Bakt. vol. xi. p. 782) the influence 



of light on bacteria, such as typhoid, cholera, and putrefactive forms, is of 

 decided importance in the self-purification of rivers. He even suggests white 

 cemented clarifying or settling basins, in which sewage shall be exposed to sun- 

 light before' it is allowed to run into the rivers. In such cases, however, it 

 would be necessary to prevent the organisms finding any shadowed spots ; even 

 the minute cracks in the cement would shield numbers of them from the sun. 



41. (p. 72). For the effect of light on fungi see L. Klein, Ueber die Ursachen der 



ausschliesslich nachtlichen Sporenbildung bei Botrytis cinerea, Bot. Zeit. 1885 ; 

 also Brefeld, Bot. Untersuch. iiber Schimmelpilze, Heft 3, p. 87 (Coprinus), 

 Heft 4, p. 76 (Pilobolus). 



42. (p. 72). Cohn and Mendelsohn, Ueber die Einwirkimg des elektrischen Stromes 



auf die Vermehrung der Bakterien, Beitr. z. Biol, iii, i§ 83. 



43. (p. 72). Moller, references in Centralbl. f. Bakt., 2. Abt., vol. i. pp. 294 and 753, 



and original in vol. iii, 1897. 



44. (pp. 72) 73)- See Verworn, Psycho-physiologische Protistenstudi.en, Jena 1889. 



