' age of tlie class (of trees of the principal species) most 

 numerously represented is generally taken and alluded to as 

 the predominant age. 



Auxiliary species.— A useful species of less value than the 

 principal species, which assists the growth of the latter and 

 influences, in a smaller^ degree, themetliod of treatment. 



Blank.— An unstocked area whore, from any cause, few or 

 no trees are growing. " ~~ 



Bole.— The trunk or stem of a tree from the ground to 

 the point where its main branches are given off. The lower 

 part of the bole, if free of any branches, is called the 

 , clear bole. 



Broad-leaved trees,— A distinguishing term iji distinction 

 to conifers. Generally deciduous trees. 



Brusbwood.— A growth of low shrubs and bushes ; used 

 also to indicate tlie fallen or cut branches and twigs of 

 trees. 



Close crop.— A crop which is completely stocked so that 

 the crowns of the trees interlace and form an uninterrupted 

 leaf canopy, which thoroughly shelters the ground. See 

 Crop. 



Complete crop.— The maximum quantity of material which 

 a given plot can bear at a given age. In every cas'i a crop 

 is, as regards its density, either complete or incomplete. It 

 h complete when it presents a density conformable to its 

 nature and age, where this is not the case it is incomplete. 

 See Crop. 



Composition of a crop,— The various species which form 

 the crop, their proportion and condition. 



Conifer.— A tree which produces cones and usually has 

 narrow needle-like leaves. 



Coppice ; or coppice forest.— A crop mainly composed of 

 trees derived from stool or root-shoots. 



Coppice shoot.— A stem which has sprung from a stump 

 or root and not from seed. 



Cover or covering.-Tlie term "cover" is used to express 

 the horizontal projection of tl.e crown on the ground, and 

 is applied both to the ground so covered and also to the 

 action of the cover. . 



Crop.— The entire collection cf trees growing on a given 

 area.* The terms stock, growing itoek, tree-growth a,ni° crop 



