15 



OHAPTER II.— EXPLANATION OP TERMS RELAT- 

 ING TO GENERAL PRINCIPLES OE 

 FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



Section I. — Eorest ma.nagement. 



J . Uleauin^ of the term " forest organisatioii."— In order that 

 a forest — wliicli is here understood to mean an area set apart 

 for the production of any forest produce — may fulfil its 

 purpose, it is necessary that its limits and its legal status 

 should be determined, and the object with whicti it is to be 

 managed defined : that is to say, it mu^t be demarcated, 

 surveyed, settled,«and its working prescribed in a Plan, 



Although the principal produot of a forest is generally wood iu some form, this 

 js not altrays as. It may be sought to obtain other products of trees. For instance 

 gijms, resins or fodder leaves ; or to preserve trees for the sake of indirect benefits 

 derived from them, such as the protection of the soil. The only saleable priduet of 

 many areas under the control of the Forest Department in India is grass ; and it may 

 be necessary, ID order to obtain this, to praserre the trees as without them the soil 

 might become dry and barren. 



All these prelimioary operations, of which the prepara- 

 4iion of the working-plan is only one, are expressed by the 

 "term forest organisation. 



The term is, however, frequently u?ed without qualification to express the last of 

 these operations only, namely, the preparation of the wnrking-pliin. Thus organised 

 forest is generally understood to mean a forest for which a working-plan has been 

 prescribed. An organised crop is one which fulfils the condition! required by a 

 ■working-plan. 



2. Meaning of the term " working-plaii."--A working-plan sets 

 forth the purpose with which a forest should be managed 

 so as to best meet the interests, and therefore the wishes 

 ^f the owner; and indicates the means by which this pur- 

 pose may be accomplished. In other words, it is a forest 

 Tegulation prescribing the application of certain cultural 

 rules, and the execution of certain works, in order to 

 rproduce a given desired result. 



In a forest worked on economic principles, the desidera- 

 tum is, generally, to obtain perpetually a regular supply of 

 produce in greatest quantity, that is, a maximum sustained 

 j/ield •• a working-plan indicates how this is to be doue. 



Both the object sought and the means by which that 

 object can be attained depend on a variety of facts relating 

 to the forest and its management; and, iu order "that the 

 Yiesoriptions contained in the working-plan may be fully 



