32 



to re ittove ; the irjaximnm volume oE material remored being limited to 600 cubic- 

 feet on an average per acre." 



3. An equal annual sustained yield.— As tlie crops we have 

 to deal with in India are always abnormal, it is evident 

 that the yield, although the methods devised for deter- 

 mining it may be the best possible, will not be exactly 

 equal or sustained from period to period. Equality can no- 

 more be secured fronx the time when the w orking-plan is^ 

 applied, than can the normal constitution of the crop be 

 approximately attained without a lapse of j ears sufficient 

 for its growth. Ordinarily a fairly equal yield from year 

 to year during the length of one period may be secured ; but, 

 especially during the provisional period required for the 

 proper constitution of the stock, even such equality may be 

 freely sacrificed in the interest of sound or economical 

 administration. 



Tiie German foresters always compare the yield whick it is proposed to remove 

 witli the normal prodnction or potential possibility as it has sometimes been called 

 in India. Unfprtunately in India, owing to only a few species irregularly distri- 

 buted throughout the forest being saleable, or to the irregularity and incompleteness 

 of the crops, it is not often that the potential possibility can be ascertained with an 

 approximation sufQoient for comparison, 



Section VIII. — ^Ebvenub and intbeest. 



1. Meaning of the terms.— The income in money derived 

 from a forest, after deducting the cost of felling and extract- 

 ing the produce, may conveniently be called the revenue.- 

 The net revenue is the balance of income left after deducting 

 all other charges, including the cost of maintaining and, if 

 necessary, of improving the forest. 



A forest yields every year SCO traes which, when converted and conveyed to the 

 market at a cost of H2,000, sell for ElO.OOO. The revenue amounts to fiS.UOO. I£ 

 the cost of maintaining and administering the forest, including necessary works of 

 improvement, amounts for the year to fi4,000, the net revenue i8.R4,000. The 

 gross receipts amount to ftlO.OOO, but of this sum E2,000 must be considered to be- 

 an advance made, in order tu place the produce in the purchaser's hands, which i» 

 recovered on the sale of the timber. 



3. Revenue is tlie net value of produce, — It will be readily 

 understood that, in calculations or comparisons of revenue,- 

 the revenue figures, after deducting the cost of felling and 

 extracting the produce, must be used and not the gross 

 receipts or total price realised for the produce. Against 

 the latter must be debited money expended on placing the- 

 prcduce in the market and which in no sense represents the 

 value of the produce in the forest. There is no case in 

 which large timber, if taken far enough to a good market, 

 •will not realise a better price than small; but this would not 



