39 



in addition to the boundaries and boundary marks of the 

 forest, the natural features of the country, bills, crests of 

 ridges, valleys, water-courses, etc.; as well as all roads, 

 paths, fire-lines and the like. In the absence of such a map 

 a sufficiently accurate plan may sometimes be compiled 

 from existing village maps. In default of this it will gene- 

 rally be advisable, before attempting to frame a working- 

 plan, to make a rapid survey or a sketch map of the area 

 on such a scale and with such accuracy as may be deemed 

 necessary. 



The cost o( preparing maps, based on a trigonooietrical survey, on the scale of 4 

 inches to a mile, ranges from about B50 to BlOO a square mile. The money yield 

 of even the timber producing forests in India wonid not generaUy justify a higher 

 expenditure on surveys. Maps on a scale of 8 inches or ISinohes to a mile, such as 

 have sometimes been recommended, would cost, if the details were filled in with a pro- 

 portionate degree of oare, some hundreds of rupees per square mile. Of this fact those 

 who recommended such maps were probably unaware. Indeed, in Europe, Urge scale 

 maps are, as a rule, solely used as legal documents, in connection with the record of 

 the boundaries and not in connsotion with forest exploitation. 



Section II. — Choice oi" the method op tbeatmeni'. 



1. Sub-division of area into portions requirins^ different treat- 

 ment.— It is important that the general management 

 to be applied to each part of the forest requiring different 

 treatment should be determined at the outset ; because the 

 nature of the subsequent operations, such as the enumera- 

 tion of the stock, etc., to be carried out depends on this. 

 The decision arrived at on this point, as well as on the con- 

 nected question of working-circles can, if necessary, be after- 

 wards rectified when the detailed examination of the forest 

 is made. 



3. Choice of the method to be applied.— The treatment 

 to be adopted depends on economic and administrative as 

 well as on sylvicultural conditions ; and the choice of the 

 treatment is generally restricted by easily ascertained facts 

 of which the nature may be gathered from the following 

 remarks with regard to each of the principal methods. 



Non-coniferous forests, to which the simple coppice 

 method is applied, can only furnish wood of small size, for 

 the most part merely fit for fuel. Where the demand for 

 firewood is sufficient, and other circumstances justify the 

 application of the method, it may be adopted. It is exceed- 

 ingly easy io apply and to work. 



The coppice selection method has hitherto only been 

 applied in India to bamboo forests. There do cot appear to 



