Wliatever boundaries are adopted should, as far as pos- 

 sible, be natural features and. not artificial lines cut tbrougb 

 the forest. Water-partings (in the hills), roads, boundaries 

 of forests or of forest blocks form the most convenient limits 

 of working- circles from all points of view. 



3. Rules regarding ibe foriuatiou of felling-series.— Where 

 there is a local demand for the produce, requiring a con- 

 tinuous supply near at hand in several different centres of 

 consumption, or where the area included in one working- 

 circle is so large that the area to be exploited in one place pr 

 at each operation becomes inconveniently extensive and the 

 distance to which the material must be conveyed too great, 

 the working-circle may be sub-divided into a suitable number 

 qf parts, or felling series, each containing a complete series 

 of age-classes. The formation of felling series becomes 

 necessary under all methods of treatment, wherever the areas 

 to be subjected to the same metliod of treatment are large or 

 scattered, and where local centres of supply have to be 

 arranged for ; as for instance in the case of coppice forests, 

 the principal product of which, fuel, cannot owing to the 

 expense, be carried to a long distance, or where, as in the 

 Thana forests of Bombay, and in the Central Provinces, the 

 people must be provided on a great scale with firewood and 

 small building timber. 



The size of the felling series depends on the position of 

 the markets to be supplied, and on the size and distribution 

 of the blocks included in a working-circle. If small, the 

 number of separate felling series, and consequently of 

 separate fellings or other operations, becomes inconveniently 

 great, and the work of a given year is correspondingly 

 scattered. This may be objectionable from an administrative 

 point of view. The size is obviously closely connected with 

 the average area of the annual coupes, which in its turn 

 usually depends on the demand for the produce. As a 

 general rule, more produce than is saleable should not be 

 felled, though this consideration may be sometimes dis- 

 regarded when it is sought to improve the growth or to 

 restore the forest to its original condition. If the felling 

 series are too large, the area to be exploited in one place or 

 at each operation may be inconveniently extensive, and the 

 distance to which the material must be conveyed too great ; 

 or more produce may have to be felled than can be consumed 

 in the centre of consumption to which it must be transported 



