53 



Colonel ■Wilmer, of the Survey of India Department, in surveying the forest .of 

 the Central Provinces instituted some years ago snob a system as the above at the in- 

 ■stance of Sir Alexander Mackenzie, the then Chief Commissioner. Colnael Wilmur 

 described as follows his system, which has since been officially prescribed for all 

 Indian forest surveys ; — 



"The classification of forests and soils was adopted and carried on at the same 

 time as the original detail survey was made, the former by the colours of lines used for 

 shading, and the latter by the direction of the lines. The classification was shown 

 «n tracing cloth by symbols as follows : — 



The forests were divided into five classes, viz, .•— • 



1. Torest where teak abounds without bamboo • Carmine, 



2. Ditto ditto with bamboo , , Blue. 



3. Miscellaneous forests . , . . • Brown, 

 i. GrasB lands . . . . ■ ■ • • Green, 

 6. Cultivation Yellow. 



Soils were divided into four classes, vi», : — 



1. Very good and rich . . . Lines drawn vertically. 



2. Medium . • > • , So, horizontally. 



3. Very dry Do. diagonally 



from K.'W. 

 to S.-E. 



4. Unproductive ", . '', , Do. from JV.-B. 



toS.-W. 



Each Sub-Surveyor kept an outline trace of his daily work on a piece of tracing 

 «Ioth, and also ' made notes of the nature of the soil and class of forsiit that he met 

 with. At the end of a few days, when sufficient detail survey had been completed, 

 he coloured up the poi'tions and markeJ them with lines according to the fixed 

 symbols. This trace the Sub-Surveyor kept going nntil bis work was done, and it 

 was examined at the same time as the topojjraphical dptail. Some differences of 

 opinion were found at the adjoining edges as regards nature of soil, more especially 

 hetweeh the ' medium ' and ' very dry ' ; but these were reconciled. 



On compiling the dilTerent Plain Table Sections into standard Sheets, it was 

 found that laying colour on to the tracins cloth spoilt it and rendered it opaque. The 

 ^lan of drawing in the lines in their proper colour and direction was then adopted, 

 and was found to answer all purposes, whilst the tracing cloth was kept clear and 

 "smooth." ' 



In recording tbe nature of forest growth and soils the 

 map should be on a suflB.oiently large scale. For such work 

 great accuracy of topographical detail is not required, and 

 therefore existing map.s or enlargements of tbem will usually 

 «erve the purpose. 



Section V. — Enumeration surveys. 



1. Enumeration surveys : when required : methods in use.— In 



many cases, when for instance the possibility is expressed by 

 area, a good description of the crops is all that is requisite. 

 But when the possibility is expressed by number of trqes or 

 by volume, as in the regular and selection methods, an 

 enumeration or estimate of the number of trees is necessary. 

 In the method of successive fellings the enumeration may 

 also have to be accompanied by an estimate of the cubic ccn- 

 -tento of each tree, in order to prescribe the principal fellings 



