83 



is, however, a likelihood of tha seeiliags not being fortU- 

 comiag owing to their beiag suppressed bytlia fastar growing 

 coppice. Means are, therefore, sometimas taken to foster 

 them by cleaaings daring the early years of their existence. 

 Such cleanings are frequently conducted— every year or 

 every two or three years according to the species and the 

 rate of growth — ^until the coppica has attained a certain age, 

 6, 10 or 15 years, when they are as a rale discontinued. In 

 certain- instances it may be advisable to make a thinning 2 or 

 3 years before the coppice is felled, in view to the better 

 development of such stems as will probably be selected for 

 standards. 



i. Conrersion of irregular high forest into coppice with stand- 

 ards.— This conversion, except as regaMs reserving standards, 

 can be done in exactly the same manner as has been ex- 

 plained with regard to simple coppice. If there is a saffi- 

 ciency of young trees capable of producing coppice shoots, 

 the conversion can be commenced at once, the forest being 

 divided into coupes to be felled in rotation, just as if these 

 <50upes already coatained coppice growth. Otherwise it will 

 be necessary first to constitute young crops which can then 

 be operated on as in the former case. The yoang growth can. 

 «ither be obtained naturally by regeoeration fellings or arti- 

 ficially by sowing or planting. The reservation of the 

 standards obviously presents no difficulty. The stems it is 

 wished to retain are immediately selected, and the reserve 

 -constituted. Even where the crop is so mature that it is 

 necessary, before applying the new method, to obtain a 

 young growth, trees should be maintained with a view to 

 constituting the reserve with the desired proportion of older 

 stems when the coppice fellings can be begun. The possi- 

 bility, which wiU be by area for coppice conversions when 

 undertaken direct, may be calculated in the same way as 

 ^already stated for ordinary coppice fellings. 



5. Transformation of simple coppice into coppice with standards.— 

 The operation of converting simple coppice into coppice 

 with standards is very simple ; but, in order to produce the 

 <lesired capital, it has to be spread over as many rotations 

 as are necessary to obtain standards of, the oldest age desired. 

 It merely consists in the reservation of the required number 

 and kind of standards in each coupe. Beyond prescribing 

 the reservation of standards, no change in the working-plan 

 would be required. Tbe fellings would otherwise be or» 

 ganised as already explained. 



