118 



area from the number to be felled in that area when its turn for exploitation oomeB- 

 round. Thus, suppose ten small scattered . forests in the hills formed into fifteen 

 annual conpe^aud worked by the selection method, the yield having been calculated 

 at 600 trees a year. We will assume that the villagers in three neighbonring ham- 

 lets have rights in as many forests to 10, 20, 30 standing trees, respectively. Suppose' 

 that the prescribed fellings reach the forest No. 1 in the third year of the felling- 

 rotation, 30 trees will have been felled ; so that, instead of felling 500 trees in this 

 coupe, only 500 — 30 or 470 trees should be cut. Similarly, the felling reaches forest 

 IJo. 2. after 10 years have elapsed. By that time 200 trees will have heen felled in 

 this coupe, so that only 500 — 200 or 300 trees should be removed ; and so on. A new 

 calculation, baaed on a fresh enumeration, would of courje be made at the commenoe- 

 inent of the second felling-rotation, and the trees to be deducted would count from 

 this date. Where the right-holders' timber was removed from areas subjected to 

 selection fellings by cultural rules, the matter would be very simple ; as in such a case 

 the state of the crop from a cultural point of view wonld determine the severity and 

 nature of the felling, which would consequently be m»de light or heavy according to 

 the quantity of material required by right-holders. 



Section V. — Works of improvement othei?, than 



CULTURAL. 



1. General remarks — A working-plan would be incom- 

 plete if advantage were not taken of the study of the forest 

 which it involves to ascertain and indicate the works of 

 improvement, other than cultural, required. Very often- 

 the application of the plan necessitates the opening out of" 

 new roads for the extraction of produce, or the improve- 

 ment of existing tracts and the construction of forest rest- 

 houses ; while the improvement of the boundaries, the- 

 better protection of the forest from fire or other injuries, 

 the strengthening or re- distribution of the protective staff, 

 may all require attention. 



Such works and subjects should be indicated or discussed 

 with whatever amount of detail may be required. They^ 

 should not be vaguely suggested, as has been the case in so 

 many Indian working-plans reports, but should be prescribed 

 though the exact time for their execution need not, and 

 indeed often should not, be fixed. If new roads or new fire 

 traces are required, their position should as a rule be shown 

 on the map, and a rough estimate of their cost should be 

 prepared in order to gauge the financial result of the whole 

 working under the plan proposed. Very often it will be 

 advisable to mark out on the ground the new roads or paths 

 proposed, and to make use of these in laying out the coupes. 

 The coupes, as we have seen, ought to be so disposed with 

 regard to the roads that their produce can be readily and 

 economically extracted. The only way to ensure that the 



