129 



Eccample.-^lhe boundary marks used along the oater boundaries ^re substantial 

 and safficient. Tlie whole of thi^ boandnry is demarnated W square masonry pillars 

 3' X 3' X 4' ; whilst pillars, also square, lueasm'ing 2'x2'x2|C mark off the bound- 

 ary between the open forests and those free of rights. There are in addition 318 

 ronnd pillars, 4|' in girth by 2|' high> demarcating the villajje lands within 

 the forests. The shape of the boundaries isi however, very defective, a crooked or 

 curved line between two consecutive pillars being common. The consequence is 

 that it is extremely difficult to follow the boundary, and encroachments might long 

 pass unnoticed. For the reserve this drawback has been overcome by erecting a 

 ring fence of rough posts ; but something sb.oald he done as lOon as possible to render 

 the boundaries of the other forests easily and permanently recognisable. Otherwise 

 harassing disputes in the near future are inevitable. The adjoining estates consist of 

 village lands, the cultivation of which not infrequently is conterminous with the 

 forest boundary. 



It may occasionally be advisable to • prefix to tbe 

 description of the boundaries remarks explanatory of tbe 

 circumstances under- which the demarcation was made. 



Enclosures within a reserve are often of such inportance, 

 as regards the management of the forest, that it may be 

 necessary to notice them in detail. 



{in) Legal position of the forests. — A brief account of tbe 

 manner in which the forests were acquired, and how they are 

 held by Government, of their settlement (if one has been 

 made) and of their present legal status, should be given. The 

 Act and section of the Act under which the forests have been 

 declared " reserved " or " protected, '' as well as brief 

 particulars of all important orders of the local Government 

 concerned bearing on the status and management of the areas, 

 should also be indicated. Special regulations affecting the 

 forests, such as grazing rules, should be mentioned, and their 

 bearing on the legal position of the tract should be explained. 

 This section of the report should not, however, be burdened 

 vrith details regarding the past management of forests. This 

 subject will be separately dealt with in another section. 



Example. — Jaunsar originally formed part of the Sirmur or Nahan State. In 

 1816 it was conquered by the British, since which, time it has. been under British rule. 

 But it was not until 1860 that the right of Go*'ernment to the ownership of all waste 

 land was enforced by rough limitation of the rights of each collection of villaire 

 communities. It was clearly laid down in the 'settlement that the rights f the 

 villagers in the forests consisted in grazing, in collecting dead- wood for fuel and in 

 cutting timber for their own use only. 



In 1865-66 the proposal to establish a military cantonment at Chakrata gave 

 rise to the issue of different orders for the protection of the more valuable tracts of 

 forest, and in 1866 a Forest OflSoer was appointed to take charge of them. In 1869 

 the demarcation of certain portions as Government forest was directed, and tbiee 

 classes of forest were formed ••■^^ 



First class* — Fcrest areas practically free of rights. 



Second elfiss. — Forest areas under the control of Government, but subject to 

 certain rights of usage. 



K 



