132 



dense ■patolies of the silver and spruce firs and of Jcarshii (oak), inter- 

 spersed with bird cherries, maples, service trees and yews. In this zone 

 wherever the grouird is fairly level, we obtain extremely rich pastures^ 

 Deodar just enter? the zone. 



{2) The deodar eone.—'Exom 6,nOO feet to 9,000 feet. Deodar is spread 

 throughout this zone. The tree does not, however, grow pure, being 

 mixed with a larger or smaller proportion of spruce and moru (oak) 

 principaLy, and silver fir exceptionally. It is most abundant, and 

 generally constitutes the predominant tree, between 7,000 and 8,500' 

 feet of elevation. .4.bove and below this belt deoder confines itself 

 almost exclusively to ridges and well-drained slopes, particularly the 

 former. 



(3) The chir (Pinus longifolia) zone. — Prom 6,000 feet to the lowest altitude- 

 of the circle (4,416 feet). The predomiaant type of forest is broad- 

 leaved, consisting of ban (oak) and a few horse chestnuts, maples, etc., 

 at the kigher elevations, and chir with small trees and shrubs else- 

 where. Numerous grazing grounds exist or recently existed in the 

 ian (oak) area, which is therefore inteispersei with comparatively 

 extensive plots of open low scrub. 



The area producing deodar, which is the one marketable tree, is about h^f th» 

 total area of the forest. The crops are all irregular, no distinct age-classes or grada- 

 tion of ages existing; and every, variation in density is to bo met with, from open 

 grassy blanks to dense mixed deodar and fir forest. In the following statement, the- 

 areas occupied by each of these zones of growth are recorded. 



In the deodar zone, save where the cover is too dense, reproduetioa is good, seed- 

 lings of deodar as well as of kail and rai being plentiful. In thej Palangi block 

 especially the young growth of moj-u (oak) is excellent. In those blocks which have- 

 been worked over natural reproduction is exceedingly satisfactory. 



With what degree of detail the principal species should 

 be described depends on the special circumstances of each 

 case, and must therefore be left to the judgment of the 

 working-plans officer. But, broadly speaking, with regard 

 to every important species of which the treatment is not well 

 known, it will be useful to record whatever iuformatioa 

 can be collected on the following subjects :— 



(a) Characters of the soil and of the locality in which 

 the tree is found growing and in which it 

 thrives best ; 



(6) Eequirements or peculiarities with regard to re- 

 production, seedling, etc.; aptitude to produce 

 shoots or suckers ; 



■(c) Growth in girth and height ; size attained ; lon- 

 gevity ; 



