142 



instance, in water catchment areas and in hilly fcountry, 

 especial attention should be paid to the necessity for the 

 retention of forest cover with the object of improving and 

 regulating the water supply, and preventing erosion. ^ 



Example. — The facts recorded in paragraphs 12 to 15 of this Report show that - 

 the forests should be worked so as to proTide fuel and timber for the local population. 

 Timber of the largest size is not required, and the beams or poles ia demand can be 

 obtained from trees of one foot in diameter. 



{ii) Method of treatment. — The proposals for the manage- 

 ment of each working-circle should be discussed separately, 

 commencing with the sylvicultural method of treatment. 

 The method should be explained audits adoption justified by 

 a brief explanation of the reasons which render it advisable or 

 necessary to employ it. 



JSxample. — Although the coppioa system introduced in 1881 has not. been followed 

 in all its details, its general principles have been adhered to, and, broadly speaking, 

 have given the results that were sought. It is, therefor^,'' proposed to continue this 

 method of coppice with standards. The method of hi^h forest, it ;night be argued, 

 would also furDish both timber and fuel and furnish timber in much larger quantities 

 than would be po-ssible under the method of coppice with standards. The present 

 state of the arsa, formerly set apart for treatment as high forest, does not, hov/ever, 

 favour the conclusion that the method of high forest is suitab'^ to the species wliich 

 the forest contains. The volume of standing timber is undoubtelly grent ; but the 

 trees have in general a forced and unhealthy appearance ; and it is not improbable 

 that high forest conld only be regenerated by arlifioial means. Every inditatiott 

 points to the conclusion that the principal species thrives bast when grown in a 

 state of partial isolation. It finds these conditions when grown as standards orer 

 coppice ; and, as far as can be seen at present, by adopting this method we are more 

 likely to furnish timber of good quality thau by any other method of treatment. 



{in) The eicplcdtable age. — The manner in which the 

 exploitable age lias been calculated, and tlie facts on which 

 the calculation has been based, should be stated. As already 

 indicated these facts or considerations relate to the products 

 required, the object with which the forest should be worked, 

 the rate of growth, the prices realised and the net value of 

 the trees standing in the forest. 



Example. — It has been stated that the object with which this forest should be 

 worked i» to supply fuel and timber for the neijjhbouring population, and it; has been 

 deoided that this end may best be acoomplislied under the coppice with standards 

 method of treatment. It has been shown that the fuel billet required should not exceed 

 4 inches in diameter, as, if larger, it becomes necessary to split them, and they bring 

 in a lower net price. From the rate of irrowth of the coppice it is known that this size 

 is attained in about 12 years. It is, therefore, proposed t> exploit the forest on a 

 rotation of 12 years. As regards the standards, wehav^seen that trees of 1 foot in 

 diameter furnish the required small timber, and that they attain this size in about 

 60 years. It is, therefore, proposed to retain a certain number of the standards of 

 each coupe for live rotations of the coppice. 



9. The fellings.— (*) Q tneral working scheme and calcula- 

 tion of the possibility. — The calculation of the possibility 

 should be based on the analysis of the crops, or, where an 



