FASTENING IT IN THE FRAMES. 



393 



ever, at the present day, the frames are usually made with 

 grooves and wedge under the top bar. This makes the inser- 

 tion of foundation a vei-y simple matter (fig. 69). 



694. In brood-frames, it may be fastened with or with- 

 out wires. The "wire used is malleable tinned wire. No. 30. 

 A shallow frame needs no wires at all, but in brood-combs, 

 — to insure safety and prevent warping — it is as well to use 

 two or three horizontal wires as in fig. 150. This method 



Fig. 150. 



FOUNDATION WIRED IN THE EEOOD-FEAME. 



of horizontal-wiring was first given us by Mr. Vandervort, 

 to whom the world is also indebted for the spur for imbed- 

 ding the wire in the foundation (fig. 151). The excessive 

 wiring resorted to by some is worse than useless. 



Dr. C. C. Miller uses light wooden splints perpendicularly 

 in the frame, instead of wires to support the foundation. 

 The bottom bar of his frame is made in two equal pieces so 

 as to pinch or hold the foundation between them. The splints 

 are dipped into a shallow tin pan containing hot beeswax 



