A MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY 63 



What is the shape and the attachment of the tongue? 

 Locate the glottis or the opening into the larynx. 



^The Abdominal Viscera — Lay the frog on its back 

 and open the- body cavity. On the mid- ventral line is 

 found the heart inclosed in the pericardium. Behind" the 

 heart find .the liver. What is its color? What is its size 

 ?,s compared with the other organs in sight? Note its 

 shape. Dorsal to the liver and often hidden by it are the 

 lung sacs. Demonstrate the connection of the lung with 

 the larynx. Behind the large intestine note the convoluted 

 tube, the small intestine. Find the bladder, a thin walled, 

 bilobed sac in the posterior end- of the . body cavity. In 

 the female two large bodies consisting of a mass of eggs 

 are the ovaries. Trace the oviducts from these. In the 

 male two yellow bodies fastened to the dorsal wall, the 

 testes, will be found. Examine in detail the alimentary 

 canal. The duodenum opens from the stomach and con- 

 tinues into the small intestine which opens into the large 

 intestine. Notice the pyloric constriction between the 

 stomach and the duodenum. Notice the manner in which 

 the small intestine opens into the large intestine. Follow 

 the large intestine to the cloaca. Note the openings into 

 the cloaca: the renal, the genital ducts, ana the bladder. 

 Between the left and the right lobes of the liver, find the 

 gall bladder; from this trace the gall duct to its opening 

 into the duodenum. This opening will be found about one 

 half inch beyond the pylorus.- Locate the pancreas in a 

 loop between the stomach and the duodenum. The ducts 

 from the pancreas open into the bile duct on thejr way 

 through the pancreas. In the dorsal body wall close to 

 the middle line will be found two flat, oval bodies, the 

 kidneys. Note a white tube leading from each kidney to 

 the cloaca, the ureter. . Near their opening into the 

 cloaca find two pouch like sacs, the vesicula seminalis, 

 on each ureter in the male. Note small red patches on 

 the ventral surface of the kidney, the • adrenal bodies. 

 The fat bodies are seen as two bright yellow tufts fasten- 

 ed to the dorsal wall and appear on the surface just behind 

 the liver. In the mesentery near the commencement of 

 the large intestine find a dark red body, the spleen. Make 



