12 THE PUB SEALS OF THE PRIBILOP^ ISLANDS. 



makes a carve to the rigHt, tUeu turns dorsally and backward to the posterior end of 

 the right kidney. From here it again goes forward and is disposed in innumerable 

 coils, ending in the large intestine just back of the pyloris. The large intestine runs 

 first backward to the posterior end of the right kidney, makes a bend to the left and 

 forward, then turns back, doubles upon itself veutrally, turns inward and posteriorly 

 to the middle line of the body, and finally goes straight to the anus. 



The stomach is large, elongate, and capable of great distension. It lies on the 

 left side, and the pyloric end is bent upon the anterior surface of the cardiac. In an 

 adult male the length from the cardiac end to the extreme right portion is about 18 

 inches, and from here to the pyloric 8 inches, the large part with more or less longi- 

 tudinal, deep rngsB. The small reflexed, pyloric portion is slightly striated, and in 

 this lodge the fish bones, etc., which are subsequently regurgitated. 



The liver consists of two left lobes and three right lobes. The gall-Madder is 

 pear-shaped and situated between the anterior and middle right hepatic lobes. The 

 cystic dtict is long and, near the posterior lobe of the liver, is joined by a hepatic duct 

 formed by the union of tliree smaller ducts from different parts of the liver. The 

 common duct formed by the cystic and hepatic ducts enters the duodenum about 2 

 inches below the pyloric. 



The heart. — The anterior end of the heart lies between the third and fourth ribs. 

 The ventricular i)art is somewhat ovate, the longest transverse diameter being in front 

 of the middle, and the posterior part tapering and bluntly terminated. The auricular 

 lobes are rather small. In an adult bull the ventricular septum is very thick, and is 

 convex to the right. Its long axis is almost antero-posterior, but it joins the outer 

 wall to the right of the apex of the heart, so that the right ventricle is smaller than 

 the left by more than the thickness of thei septum. A line-joining any two extreme 

 left points in the right ventricle does not pass through the left ventricle, so that, 

 although the right ventricle is crescent- shaped in transverse section, it does not at all 

 surround the left ventricle. 



In the posterior half of the left ventricle are two large longitudinal masses of 

 muscle. One projects into the cavity from the left ventral aspect of the interior wall 

 as a mass flattened perpendicularly to the part of the ventricular wall from which it 

 arises; the other projects from the left dorsal aspect of the same as a mass flattened 

 in a line parallel to the part of the wall from which it arises. About two thirds of its 

 length forward from its posterior end the dorsal mass becomes decreased to half its 

 diameter by an abrupt contraction. The transverse surface thus formed is ventral to 

 the remaining longitudinal part and gives origin to two sets of chordas, one ventral 

 the other dorsal. Tiie former consists of two large tendons, the latter of two large 

 and two small, the small ones between the others. The remainder of this papillary 

 muscle runs forward and bifurcates iiito a right and a left mass, both of which become 

 lost in the wall of the ventricle back of the right valve. From near their anterior 

 ends small fibers arise that are inserted upon the valve near its base. The ventral 

 papillary muscle runs forward entire farther than the other, becomes suddenly con- 

 tracted, leaving a transverse surface on the dorsal side, from which arise two sets of 

 chordae of two each. The remainder runs forward, indistinctly bifurcates, and becomes 

 lost in the walls of the ventricle after giving off a few fibers to the base of the left 

 valve., The left mitral valve is much the smaller of the two. 



