288 MARITIME INTERNATIONAL LAW. 



Towards the close of the XVIIth century, Louis XIV., King oi 

 France, sanctioned a Code of Maritime Law, known by the title of 

 the Ordonnance de la Marine of i68r, which comprehends, not 

 only all the enactments on Maritime Law for the period of 200 

 years antecedent thereto, but also the principles laid down in the 

 Consolato del Mare and the Guidon de la Mer, on the subjects of 

 the maritime practice of belligerents, and the rights of neutrals. In 

 most of the tribunals of Europe the Ordonnance de la Marine ot 

 1681, supplemented by the Act of the Legislature of 1744, were 

 generally accepted by the Maritime Powers, and the decisions of 

 the Tribunals, based upon this Code, were uniformly upheld. 



Having now passed in review the various ancient codes of Maritime 

 International Law, prior to the i8th century, which became 

 the basis of the system of Maritime Law of the rgth century, 

 throughout the world, we will now refer to the Treaties, which have 

 any reference to the subject prior to the Declaration of Paris, 1856. 



TREATIES PRIOR TO THE DECLARATION OF PARIS. 



These Treaties followed the conclusion of the Wars in Europe, 

 which arose mainly, from the jealous rivalry between the European 

 States, keenly affecting their commercial and colonial policies, and 

 the various provisions of these Treaties, dealing considerably with 

 the questions of neutrality, navigation, and commerce in time of 

 peace or war, are important links in an historic survey of Maritime 

 Law. 



In 1604, the Ottoman Porte conceded to France the right to 

 protect the enemy's goods under the French flag, and this right was in 

 1 61 2, also, ceded to Holland, and, afterwards, to, other Maritime 

 Powers. 



In 1659, the Treaty of the Pyrenees, renewed, in 1668, by the 

 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which closed the war between France and 

 Spain, recognised, that the enemy's goods in neutral vessels should 

 be ixte,—free ship, free goods ; an enemy's vessel carrying neutral 

 goods should not be free, — enemy's ship, enemy's goods ; but the 

 Treaty left untouched the Ordonnance de la Marine of the French 

 Code of 1533 and 1584, derived from the old Roman Law, "/a 

 robe d'ennemi confisque celle d'ami" which the French formulated 

 into the maritime maxim, " an enemy's ship, an enemy's goods." 



In 1661, Holland gave in her adhesion to the Maritime dicta in 



