3o8 THE MILITARY AND FINANCIAL 



By an Act passed, in 1883, for regulating and reducing the payment 

 for interest of the National Debt, Hungary contributes ;£3,03i,S73, 

 and Austria ;^i2, 229,183. The following figures embrace the 

 three divisions of the Empire : — 



Annual Army and Interest of the 



Expenditure, Navy, National Debt, National Debt, 



1890. 1890. 1890. 1890. 



;^9i,S30,7S7- ;^i2,863,48i. ;^26,332,288. ;^S4S.3i3.950. 



The National Debt includes the General Debt of the whole 

 Empire, Austria's Special Debt, and Hungary's Special Debt, and 

 has grown up gradually since the middle of the last century, 

 and is the direct result of wars and the gigantic preparations for 

 war. In 1789, it amounted to _;^34,900,ooo ; in 1815, to 

 ;£82, 500,000; in 1820, tO;^98,7oo,ooo; in 1830, to ;£io8, 400,000; 

 in 1848, to ;^i 25,000,000; in 1868, to ;^3oo,890,4i3 ; in 1886, it 

 reached the great sum of ;^523,938,38i; and in i890,;^545,3i3,95o, 

 which includes the large floating debt created to meet the recent 

 heavy deficits of the Empire. 



BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. 



By Article 23 of.the Treaty of Berlin (1878) the Provinces of 

 Bosnia and Herzegovina are occupied, and their military and 

 financial affairs administered by Austria-Hungary. The Austrian 

 army of occupation consists of 28,648 men, the native army of 

 4,788 men, total of army, 33,436. 



The Budget for 1890 shows a total of receipts, ;^i,oi8,765, and 

 expenditure, ;^i,oi3,6i4, which is exclusive of the cost of the 

 Austrian army of occupation, amounting to ;^428,2oo. 



According to a census taken in 1886 the total population is 

 1,404,000, and is composed of Greeks, Mahometans, Catholics, and 

 Jews. 



BELGIUM. 



THE ARMY. 



The Standing army of Belgium is formed by the law of 1870 

 and 1873, by conscription, to which every able-bodied man who 

 has completed his nineteenth year is liable. Substitution is per- 

 mitted. The legal period of service is 8 years, of which two-third 

 are allowed on furlough. 



