CONDITION OF EUROPE. 313 



till the commencement of the 28th year of his age. Three of these 

 seven years he must spend m active service, and the remainder in 

 the reserve ; after quitting the latter he forms part of the Landwehr 

 for five years more in the first " ban," and seven years afterwards in 

 the second " ban." The maritime population is exempt from these 

 obligations, but has to furnish a force for the Fleet and Marines. 



In 1875, a new force, called the Landsturm, was created, only to 

 be called out in the event of war, comprising all able-bodied men 

 from the age of 17 to the age of 45, who are not in the Standing 

 Army, Landwehr, or Marine. This force is divided into two " bans," 

 the first including those from 17 to 39, and the second "ban " from 

 39 to 45. 



The whole of these land forces form a united army under the 

 orders of the Emperor, and must unconditionally obey the Oath of 

 Fidelity. 



The following figures embrace the whole of the German Empire, 

 and include the officers and all military officials : — 



Standing 

 Standing Army and 



Population, Army, Reserves, Navy, 



I Dec, 1885. 1890. 1890. 1890. 



46,857. 705- S"j492- 2,393,500. 27 Ironclads. 



r Frigates, 

 Navy 700,000* 185 ] Torpedo Boats, 



i6>77o- ^ Steamers, &c. 



3j093!Soo. 212. 



the military and naval expenditure. 



The whole of the 26 German States forming the German Empire, 

 from the largest (Prussia), to the smallest (Schaumburg Lippe), 

 contribute towards the Imperial expenditure of the Empire, and 

 their united contributions amount to ^^16, 131, 175. 



The total annual expenditure of .;^56,532,294 includes the 

 ordinary expenditure of ;^47,o56,753, and the extraordinary expen- 

 diture of ;^9,475,54i. This latter sum is swallowed up for extra- 

 ordinary military and naval charges, and to meet the Imperial 

 (personal) Debt. 



In the Budget of the Empire, the sum received from France in 

 1871 as war indemnity, was not entered, but placed to a separate 



' Landsturm. 



