3l8 THE MILITARY AND FINANCIAL 



THE MILITARY AND NAVAL EXPENDITURE. 



Greece has relatively a large public debt, consisting in part ot 

 unpaid loans for past wars, for 1824-5 ^^^ 1862. Since the estab- 

 lishment of Greece as an independent kingdom, there have been few 

 financial terms without a deficit. This frequently recurring deficit 

 is due in great part to military expenditure, and to the excessive 

 number of Government officials, who form one-twelfth of the 

 population. The deficit for 1891 was 2,282,000 drachmas, equal to 

 ;^76,oi3. 



The National Debt consists of the Internal and External Debt, 

 of which ;^2,343,75o is guaranteed by Great Britain, France, and 

 Russia. The amount of ;£^29,5i5,4i5 does not include the Greek 

 portion of the Ottoman Debt, and, including this, the National 

 Debt of Greece stands at ^^3 8,000, 000. 



ITALY. 



The general law of universal liability to arms forms the basis of 

 the present military organisation of the Kingdom of Italy, in 

 accordance ^with the law of the 29th June, 1882. There are three 

 distinct divisions: the Permanent Army, the Active Militia, and 

 the Territorial Militia. The period of service is 19 years : 8 years 

 in the Army, 4 in the Active Militia, and the rest of their time in 

 the Territorial Militia, ■,, 



