Condition of eUrope. 31^ 



THE MILITARY AND NAVAL EXPENDITURE. 



Since the establishment of United Italy, in 1 861, in consequence 

 of the costly military expenditure, there have been frequent annual 

 deficits. In 1889 the deficit was ;^2, 260,363, and 1890 it was 

 ;^87S,405. In i860, the year before the establishment of United 

 Italy, the National Debt stood at ;^97, 480,000, and it now stands 

 at nearly ;^45o,ooo,ooo. 



Annual Interest on 



Expenditure, Army and Navy, National Debt, National Debt, 

 1890. 1890. 1890. 1890.- 



^74,885,331. ;^i6,i5S,485. ^23,159,393. ;^449, 262,660. 



HOLLAND. 



THE ARMY AND NAVY. 



The Army of the Netherlands is formed partly by conscription 

 and partly by enlistment, and there is also a militia. The men 

 drawn by conscription at the age of 20 have to serve 5 years. 



The militia is divided into the active and reserve, the former 

 comprising those between the ages of 25 and 30, the latter from 

 30 to 35. 



There is besides, the Landsturm, or levy en masse, of all the 

 citizens from 19 to 50 years, capable of bearing arms, and who do 

 not belong to either categories named before. 



The following figures of the Army do not include the Colonial 

 Forces, 31,627, which are recruited from Holland and the 

 Colonies : — 



* There is a reserve naval force of 41,137, and thus the total of the marine, 

 infantry, and reserves of all ranks is 62,910. 



