320 



THE MtLItARY ANb FlUANCIAt 



.Population, 

 31 Dec, 1889. 



4,548,596. 



Standing 

 Army, 

 1890. 



65,849. 



Navy. 



12,578. 



Standing 



Army and 



Reserves, 



1890. 



184,902. 



Navy, 

 1890. 



r Ironclads and 

 ^5 1 Monitors. 

 ( Cruisers, 

 125 < Torpedo Boats, 

 ( Steamers, &c. 



150. 



THE MILITARY AND NAVAL EXPENDITURE. 



In the Budget estimates of Holland, the largest branch of 

 expenditure is that of the National Debt, which was created in the 

 sixteenth and seventeenth centuries by wars, and reached its highest 

 at the time of the wars of the French Revolution. The annual 

 Budgets for many years show large deficits, caused by paying out of 

 revenue the expenditures on public works. The last Budget shows 

 a deficit of _;^i,o72,o90. 



Annual 



Expenditure, 



1890. 



;^ll, 256,249. 



Army and Navy, 

 1890. 

 ;^2,9o6,786. 



Interest on 

 National Debt, 



1890. 

 ;£2,9I 1,843. 



National Debt, 



1890. 



;^g2,626,430. 



THE DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG. 



By the Treaty of London (May 11, i367), the Grand Duchy of 

 Luxembourg remains under the sovereignty of the House of 

 Orange-Nassau, and the King of Holland is nominally the Grand 

 Duke, and nominates the Government, and in virtue of this Treaty 

 it has been declared neutral, and the Capital has ceased to be a 

 fortified city. 



The Public Debt was created by the construction of railways, 

 and other works of public utility. 



Annual 



Population, 



1885. 

 213,283. 



Gendarmerie, 

 1890. 

 267. 



Volunteers. 

 250. 



Public Debt, 



1890. 

 ;£'646,8oo. 



Interest. 

 ;£29,o76. 



Expenditure, 

 1890. 



^^329,884. 



Military. 

 ;£lS.o6o. 



MONTENEGRO. 

 There exists no standing army, except a Life Guard of the 



