CONDITION OF EUROPE. 327 



THE MILITARY AND NAVAL EXPENDITURE. 



The National Debt of Spain dates as far back as the i6th 

 century, from the conquest of Granada, under Philip V., in 1475, 

 when it stood at ;^9,ooo,ooo. Since then, in consequence of the 

 extravagance of successive rulers, and the constant and ever- 

 increasing excess of expenditure over public revenue, the debt has 

 increased to a very large amount. In 185 1, from various causes, 

 Spain became bankrupt, being unable to meet her engagements in 

 full. In 1870 the debt had risen to ^^237,400,000, and in 1877 it 

 had increased to ;^55o,ooo,ooo, which last increase was the direct 

 result of costly civil wars in Spain and Cuba, and as the Govern- 

 ment were unable to pay interest, an arrangement was made in 

 1882, by which the total of the National Debt was reduced to 

 ,^233,099,771, upon which interest is paid. Since 1882, the Con 

 solidated Debt has increased to £■2^0,2^^,1 z% and an Unfunded 

 or Floating Debt has been created, amounting to ;^2 1,288,400, and 

 thus the total of the National Debt now stand at ;^2 7 1,5 83, 139. 



Annual Army and Interest of 



Expenditure, Navy, National Debt, National Debt, 



1890. 1890. 1890. 1890. 



Funded. 

 ^^32,456,536- .;^7>i32,365- ;^ii,3i2>i26. ;^2So,294,739. 



Un&nded. 

 ;^2I,288,400. 



;£'27 1,583, 139- 



SWEDEN. 



THE ARMY AND NAVY. 



The foundation of the Swedish Army dates from the time of 

 Charles IX. In virtue of the Military Law of 1885, all Swedes are 

 obliged to serve 12 years in the Army, which is composed of four 

 distinct classes of troops, the Vdrfvade, or enlisted troops, the 

 Indelta, or National militia, the Bevdring, or conscription troops, 

 drawn by annual levy from the male population between the ages of 

 2oand 25 years (the law of substitution being abolished), and lastly 

 there is the Gothland MiUtia, who are not compelled to serve beyond 

 the Island of Gothland. 



The Navy is divided into the Royal Navy, the" Royal Naval 

 Reserve, and the Bevaring of the Marine. 



