CONDITION OF EUROPE. 



331 



with Bulgaria was secured, and its civil, financial and military 

 affairs were united with Roumelia. 



By the Treaty of Berlin (1878), Bulgaria enjoys a constitutional 

 and hereditary Monarchy, under the Suzerainty of the Sultan of 

 Turkey. The Prince is elected by the people, confirmed by the 

 Porte, and ratified by the Great European Powers. 



According to the Decree of 1879, each subject of the two States, 

 from his twentieth year are obliged to render military service for a 

 period of 12 years, 4 in the active Army, 4 in the Reserve, and 4 

 in the Landwehr. 



Population, 

 1888. 



Standing Army, 

 1890. 



Standing Army 

 and Reserves, 

 1890. 



Navy, 



3,154.375- 



35.807. 



Monitors, 



125,000. 



/ ivionitors, 

 13) Torpedo 

 \ Boats, &c. 

 346 men. 

 The Pubhc Debt represents the cost of the Russian Occupation 

 of 1876-7, and two Loans in 1887 and 1889. Under the Treaty 

 of Berlin both Bulgaria and Roumelia pay a Tribute to Turkey as 

 their share of the liabiUties of the Old Turkish Debt. 

 Annual 

 Expenditure, 

 1890. 



^3.243.727- 



EGYPT. 



In 1882, a Revolution broke out in Egypt, which led to the 

 intervention of England, without the assistance of France, and 

 accordingly, after the restoration of the authority of the Khedive, 

 a decree was issued abohshing the joint control of England and 

 Franca in Egypt, and in place of the control, an English Financial 

 Adviser was appointed, with a seat in the Council of Ministers. 



In September, 1882, the Egyptian Army was disbanded by the 

 decree of the Khedive, and a new Army was formed under the 

 command of an English Officer, with the title of Sirdar. 



