352 AN INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR KUROPE. 



been brought prominently to the front, by the submission of the 

 scheme of the late Professor Leone Levi, to the Peace Congress at 

 Paris in 1889, for the establishment of a High Court of Arbitration, 

 which it is proposed shall consist of publicists, jurists, and philan- 

 thropists, to secure the pacific settlement of all national differences. 

 The following is the project : — 



"A DRAFT PROJECT OF A COUNCIL AND HIGH COURT 

 OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION. 



' I. Havipg regard to the earnest desire felt, and expressed in every 

 country, to avert as much as possible the evils of war, by reason of the 

 enormous loss of life and treasure, and of the burden of large, armies 

 which it entails ; and, by reason also, of the retarding of civilisation 

 and morals, the disorganisation of industry, and commerce, and the 

 disorder in public finances, which are its necessary attendants ; 



" 2. Having regard to the many instances in which states have 

 submitted their disputes to the judgment of an arbitrator or 

 arbitrators, sometimes a sovereign, sometimes a court of justice, 

 sometimes a congress, sometimes (as in, the ' Alabama ' Arbitration) 

 publicists and jurists, and in nearly all cases with perfect success 

 and satisfaction ; 



" 3. And, having regard to the fact, that arbitration clauses have 

 been inserted in Treaties of Commerce, and to the need of providing 

 some permanent organisation for giving effect to the same, where 

 such provision does not already exist in the treaty, thus avoiding 

 the danger and difficulty of long negotiations, for the purpose of 

 creating a new method on the occurrence of every emergency ; 



" 4. The Committees of the Peace Society, and of the International 

 Arbitration and Peace Association, invite the friends of peace in 

 various countries, to join them in urging the governments of the 

 several states of the civilised world, to enter into communication 

 among themselves, with a view to convening an International 

 Conference, specially summoned to consider the expediency of 

 appointing a permanent Council of International Arbitration, with 

 original and delegated authority, as follows : — 



" 5. Each State to nominate a given number of members, publicists, 

 and jurists, or other persons of high reputation and standing, to 

 constitute a Council of International Arbitration. 



" 6. Such Council may be held, as constituted, as soon as any two 



