364 AN INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR EUROPE. 



JAMES LORIMER, LL.D., 



REGIUS PROFESSOR OF PUBLIC LAW IN THE UNIVERSITY 



OF EDINBURGH, ETC. 



" It, unfortunately, is not true that reason, self-interest, or any 

 motive whatever, short of physical necessity, will form a 

 sufficient guarantee for obedience to positive law by 

 ordinary men whenever it is at variance with their apparent 

 or immediate self-interest, or is in conflict with their passions. 

 Positive law is a dead letter which force alone will bring to 

 life. Even municipal law, though defined by the joint 

 action of legislation and jurisdiction, is not self-indicating. 

 It requires the further guarantee of an irresistible executive 

 to secure its peaceful acceptance. * * * * 



"The only condition on which tribunals of arbitration could 

 perform the offices which many are willing to assign to them, 

 would be the previous existence of an international organi- 

 zation, strong enough to support them from without, as they 

 are supported in municipal jurisprudence." — ("The Institutes 

 of the Law of Nations, 1884.") 



HENRY SUMNER MAINE, K.C.S.I., 

 MASTER TRINITY HALL, CAMBRIDGE, ETC. 



" But after all qualifications have been allowed, the denial to 

 International Law of that auxiliary force which is commanded 

 by all municipal law, and by every municipal tribunal, is a 

 most lamentable disadvantage. * * * * its efficiency 

 and its improvement are alike hindered. * « * * 



" The want of coercive power is, in fact, the important drawback 

 which attends all attempts to improve International Law." — 

 (" International Law," 1888.) 



LEONE LEVI, 

 LECTURER ON COMMERCIAL LAW AT KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON, ETC. 



"The first subject which should occupy the attention of the 

 Congress of Nations ought to be the formation of a Code 

 of International Law, to comprise the most approved 

 principles of the Law of Nations, which once established, 

 by the unanimous consent of all the Nations represented 

 at the Congress, and ratified by the Governments of these 



