378 APPENDIX. 



In the first place, the Joint High Commission, consisting of 

 the Earl de Grey and Ripon (now the Marquis of Ripon), Sir 

 Stafford H. Northcote, Sir Edward Thornton, Sir John Mac- 

 donald, and Mr. Montague Bernard, representing England ; and 

 Mr. Hamilton Fish, Mr. Robert Gumming Schenck, Mr. Samuel 

 Nelson, Mr. Ebenezer R. Hoar, and Mr. George H. Williams 

 representing the United States, assembled at Washington, and drew 

 up the Treatjr of Washington, which will ever form an epoch in the 

 history of international relations. 



According to this Treaty, the Alabama claims were referred to a 

 Court of Arbitration, composed of five members, one nominated 

 by the United States, Mr. Charles Francis Adams, one by England, 

 Chief Justice Cockburn, one by the President of the Swiss Con- 

 federation, M. Jacques Staempfli, one by the King of Italy, Count 

 Sclopis, and one by the Emperor of Brazil, Viscount d'ltajuba. 



This Tribunal met at Geneva, to decide whether England did, or 

 did not, in the Alabama case, fulfil her duties as a Neutral Power, 

 and the result was, that the Tribunal arrived at a decision adverse 

 to England, and assessed at ^2,800,000 sterling the damages to be 

 paid by her to the United States. 



By the same Treaty of Washington, it was agreed that the other 

 disputed claims should be submitted to a Court of three Arbitrators, 

 one to be appointed by England, another by the United States, and 

 the third by the King of Spain. 



By the same Treaty it was also agreed that the Canadian Fishery 

 question should be arranged by a Commission of three members, 

 two appointed respectively by England and the United States, and 

 the third by the Emperor of Austria. 



The last question for settlement under the Treaty — the San Juan 

 Boundary difference — was decided by the Emperor of Germany. 



ITALY AND SVSflTZERLAND. 



In 1874, a dispute was settled between Switzerland and Italy, on 

 a question of boundary respecting the frontier near Peschiaro, 

 which was just one of the questions that formerly would have led 

 to war. These two countries referred their differences to the 

 Honourable Mr. Marsh, Ambassador of the United States at Rome, 

 who, after a careful investigation of their rival claims, pronounced 

 his award in favour of Italy, and Switzerland cheerfully accepted 

 his decision. 



