APPENDIX. 389 



transmitted to the Senate for ratification, but unfortunately, in view 

 ■of the approaching Presidential Election, its ratification was refused 

 ■by the Senate by the small majority of three votes. 



CONFERENCE OR CONGRESS, 

 is resorted to where' differences exist between several States, and 

 where they are willing to discuss them in a spirit of conciliation, in 

 ■order to bring them to an amicable settlement, and also after the 

 termination of a war, for the purpose of discussing and settling 

 ■questions arising out of war ; at which Neutral States, actuated by a 

 ■desire to effect a pacific settlemant, are invited to take part. 



BELGIUM AND HOLLAND. 



In 1834, one of the most important triumphs of Arbitration, 

 '(inasmuch as it illustrated the signal failure of war to settle 

 international differences) is recorded in the history of Belgium. By 

 the Treaty of Vienna, 1815, which followed the battle of Waterloo, 

 ^Belgium and Holland were formed into the united kingdom of the 

 Netherlands. For a long period the peoples of these two countries 

 resented this Union, and, finally, an insurrection broke out. The 

 King of the Netherlands, despairing of a good result by force of 

 ^rms, appealed to the Governments of Great Britain, France, Russia, 

 and Austria, in the hope that they might avert bloodshed by 

 Mediation. A Conference of the Plenipotentiaries of these Powers 

 was accordingly held, in 1834, in London. An armistice was con- 

 'Cluded, and eventually a satisfactory arrangement was effected ; and 

 thus, by the means of Arbitration, the peace of Europe was secured, 

 .and Belgium and Holland obtained their independence. 



FRANCE AND PRUSSIA. 



In 1867, a dispute arose between France and Prussia in regard to 

 the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, which France was anxious to 

 •obtain as compensation for the victories and conquests of Prussia 

 in the wars waged by Prussia against Denmark and Austria. Lord 

 .Stanley, (now the Earl of Derby), as Foreign Minister for England, 

 proposed, on behalf of the Government, that a Conference should 

 assemble in London, and, if possible, secure a peaceful solution of 

 the question. The Conference met, under the Presidency of his 

 Lordship, and an amicable solution of the difficulty was arrived at. 



