396 APPENDIX. 



presented a long and able report on the subject of Arbitration, from 

 which the following is an extract : — 



' " In the treaties which are hereafter made with foreign nations, it shall be 

 stipulated between the contracting parties, that all differences which may 

 arise shall be referred to Arbitrators for adjustment. 

 "Under such stipulation the Board of Arbitrsitors, or the single Arbitrator, 



would be selected after the occurrence of the difficulty. 

 " Each party would be careful to select itnpartial persons, distinguished for 

 their virtues and talents, and each would have the opportunity of objecting 

 to anyone proposed, who might not possess these high qualifications. 

 "In the opinion of the Committee, the Arbitrators should be eminent jurists, 

 having little or no connection with political affairs." 



THE PARIS CONGRESS. 



In 1856, at the Congress of the chief European Powers which 

 assembled in Paris at the close of the Crimean War, Lord Clarendon, 

 President, the following resolution was agreed to, and appears in 

 the 1 6th protocol of the Treaty : — 



" If there should arise between the Sublime Porte and one or more of the other 

 Signing Powers any misunderstanding which might endanger the 

 maintenance of their relations, the Sublime Porte, and each of such 

 Powers, before having recourse to the use of force, shall afford the other 

 contracting parties the opportunity of preventing such an extremity by 

 means of their mediation." 



In addition to this, chiefly by the strenuous efforts of Lord 

 Clarendon, the Ambassadors, on behalf of, and with the consent of 

 their respective States, sanctioned the following declaration, and 

 ordered its insertion as the 23rd protocol of the Treaty. 



" The plenipotentiaries do not hesitate to express, in the name of their 

 Governments, the wish, that States between which any serious misunder- 

 standing may arise, should, before appealing to arms, have recourse, 

 as far as circumstances might allow, to the good offices of a friendly 

 Power. 

 "The plenipotentiaries hope that the Governments not represented at the 

 Congress vdll unite in the sentiment which has inspired the wish recorded 

 in the present Protocol. " 



Of this Protocol, Mr. Gladstone declared that " the proposal to 

 submit international differences to Arbitration was in itself a very 

 great triumph — a powerful engine in behalf of civilisation and 

 humanity." 



The late Earl of Derby referred to it as " the principle, which, to 

 its immortal honour, was embodied in the Procotols of the 

 Conference of Paris." 



