APPENDIX. 405 



political legislatures. I am thoroughly persuaded that there is no 

 better way of reaching any real and positive result. If a majority 

 in the Parliaments should pronounce in favour of our views, we 

 shall gain the cause, and the Governments themselves will, in the 

 end, find themselves committed to these resolutions, prompted by a 

 love of public tranquillity and social progress." — Speech at Turin. 



M. DROUYN DE l'HUYS. 



(Minister of State to Napoleon III.), 1873. 

 " The idea of submitting to Arbitration conflicts between States 

 was brought forward at the Conference of Vienna, at which the 

 writer of this note assisted during the first months of the Russian 

 war. Consecrated by the Treaty of Paris of 1856, it has too often 

 remained inoperative. In trying to realise it at present, we obey a 

 sentiment which, evoked at that epoch, will not cease to manifest 

 itself among all civilised nations until it has obtained satisfaction. 

 If any differences were to arise between two nations, what Sove- 

 reign, what Assembly, would dare to refer the decision to the terrible 

 chances of battle, when there would be a law which had foreseen 

 the case, and a Tribunal of Arbitration, the composition of which 

 should be indicated or prescribed ? It might be hoped by this 

 means to banish or diminish the terrible scourges that arise to 

 imbrue Europe in blood." — Speech in Paris. 



SIGNOR MANCINI. 



(Minister of Foreign Affairs for Italy), 1873. 

 " In teaching from my public chair the science of International 

 Law — first in the University of Turin, and then in that of Rome — I 

 have always recommended the institution of International Arbitra- 

 tion, and the codification, at least of that part of International Law, 

 which iriight most easily obtain universal attention." — Speech at 

 Rome. 



M. CHARLES CALVO. 



(Minister of State to Napoleon III.), 1873. 

 "The war of 1870, which threw us back to times of barbarism, 

 ought to be a useful warning to the civilised world. It has shown 

 us all the dangers of the endless contradictions in the jurisprudence 

 and practice of nations : the disagreements ceaselessly renewed in 

 intetnational relations, which are governed by no well-defined and 

 invariable principles, are influenced more by caprice than by justice, 

 by force than by the action of law. The Treaty of Washington and 



