PERFUMES. 303 



abundant in Lemongrass-oil. has been successtulh' accom- 

 plished. Not long ago artiiicially produced Orange- 

 11o\\cr-oil, Madarin-oil and Jasmine-oil \\-ere added to the 

 number, and quite recenth' the oil ot Ylang-^'lang. 

 Hitlierto tliis latter has onh' been extracted from tlie 

 tio\\-ers of a tree culti\'atecl in Soutliern Asia, Cciiiajiga 

 odorula, belrmging to the Anonaceae. Xw attempt lias 

 been made to substitute tlie artiticial Muse Baur, or 

 Tonquin Oil, for the musk of the male Musk animal, and 

 tlae use of this product is increasing. P'rom time imme- 

 morial valuable scents liave readied us from warmer zones, 

 as did the Balsams in ancient times. I>ut in tlie main 

 tlie perfumers o\\'e tlieir most fragrant scents to Soutliern 

 Europe. Most aromas distilled from plants are obtained 

 in the form of ethereal oils, which, nnlike the tat oils, 

 are volatile and produce on paper a transparent spot 

 that soon vanishes. The Animal World cannot produce 

 these oils. In plants it is cliiefh- the Howcrs that con- 

 tain the fragrant essences. For in these perfume and 

 colour unite to attract those creatures which carr\' the 

 pollen from blossom to blossom. "S'et occasionally it happens 

 tliat the scented substance may be collected in some other 

 part of the plant: for example b'on in the root-stock of 

 Iris, and \'eti^'er in the root-stock of the East Indian 

 grass, Andropogon uniricaUis. The ^^'00cl of tree-stems 

 mai,- contain perfume, as for instance the wood of the 

 Balsam-yielding tree, or the East Indian Sandahvood- 

 tree (Sanfahnji alhinii). In the Cinnamon-tree ( Cinnaiiwmum 

 Zcvlaiu'cum) it is the bark that contains the scent. Again 

 in other instances it is the lpa^'es that are the most frasr- 



