PERFUMES. 311 



"Eceuile a piquer" for the purpose of extracting the oil 

 from these rinds. This is a bowl with brass points against 

 which the\- press the fruit. Tlie culti\'ation of Agrumi 

 for the sat:e of the peel has almost been given up in the 

 South of France, and in Europe it is chietiy Sicily and 

 South Calabria that carr\' on this industry. There they 

 extract the ethereal oil from the rind b^' pressing it 

 against a sponge, or b^- rubbing it between the fingers 

 and allowing the sponge to absorb the oil ^^•hich spurts 

 out. The round Bcrgamots are likewise put into the 

 "macchina" which bruises their rind while a sponge ab- 

 sorbs the oil. The rinds, from which the oil has been 

 extracted, are salted and used as "Salato". The juice 

 of the fruit pnlp. espccialh' that of the lemons, is used 

 lor \ anous purposes; and lasth' the remainder is given 

 to the cattle for food. 



We also saw in (jrasse cupboards containing 

 wooden frames piled one on the top of the other. 

 These had not sheets of glass, but ^\•ire net stret- 

 ched over them. On these were alternate kuers of 

 flowers, and fat in threads like vermicelli. The air 

 in the cupboards was kept in gentle motion bv 

 bellows. It swept over the layers of fat and deposited 

 its perfume there. 



Other arrangements were also shown us for facili- 

 tating the extraction of the perfume. We saw apparatus 

 for grinding up dried portions of plants, for grating 

 fragrant wood, and reducing hard substances to powder. 

 One machine, which kept in motion several sieves of 

 difl'erent mesh, reeked with perfumes. 



13* 



