Geological and Orological Notes. 237 



„roads in working mines, in settling landed property and taxes, 

 „and in public works. 



„Still not only for the geographer but also for those who apply 

 „themselves to any science, such maps are of great use. 

 „Have not Messrs Martin and Suringar in more than one of the 

 „West Indian Islands felt the want of good maps"? 

 In my rambles I also greatly felt the want of really good maps. 

 By means of panorama photos I tried to see my way in different 

 points of the islands. Probably these photos may not be of any 

 use in making a topographic map, still I dare say they have 

 had for me such results as to hold myself entitled to deviate 

 sometimes from the maps consulted by me. In this way I per- 

 haps contributed a little to obtain a somewhat clearer description 

 of Saba and St. Martin. 



St. Eustatius. 



The Isle of St. Eustatius extends from 17° 28' 12" to 17° 31' 35" N. 

 and from 62° 56' 25" to 62° 59' 48" W. 



The greatest length runs from N.W. to S.E. whereas the breadth 

 from S. to W. except a small narrowing in the middle gradually 

 decreases: the length of Sb. Eustatius amounts to 7.8 km. 

 whereas the breadth in the southern part amounts to 3.7 km. 

 in the middle decreases to 2.6 km. and in the northern part 

 it does not exceed 2.7 km. The Surface is 28 D km. 

 The structure of St. Eustatius is occasioned by rocks belonging to 

 one and the same geological period. 



Still from their relative age we can sharply trace out two parts 

 viz. the northern hills on one side and the principal vulcano 

 with its eruptions on the other side. These two groups of moun- 

 tains are clearly separated from each other by a wide plain. The 

 hilly soil taking up the whole northern part of the islands con- 

 sists of remnants or old vulcanoes. 



The southern part chiefly consists of a single very regularly built 

 mountain which has the form of a truncated cone. The highest 

 point of this mountain, named Quill is 581 m. above the level 

 of the sea. On the top of it is found a circular valley shut in 

 on all sides and of which the bottom is 297 m. above the surface 

 of the sea. 



The inner slopes of the crater are veiy steep and in most parts 

 inaccessible on account of numerous perpendicular cliffs; the 



