FIFTH NATIONAL CONSERVATION CONGRESS 63 



Catalpa is not recommended for New England and New Jersey. It needs good 

 soils and a milder climate. 



Trees for planting are preferred to direct sowing of seed on the site. The 

 total average costs given by State Forester Gaskill are $7.38 per acre for planting 

 one-year-old deciduous species and $9.09 for three-year-old conifer transplants; 

 spacing 6' x 6', and cost of trees $3 per M for the former and $4 for the latter. 

 Examples of expected profit are figured to be 5% or Q% on money invested. 



Planting is recommended in Delaware on farms having no woodlots and for 

 protective purposes.* The species recommended are chestnut, red oak and pin 

 oak, tulip poplar, hardy catalpa and black locust. No data of plantations are 

 recorded. 



The known area of forest plantations in Maryland is very small. Planting 

 has been recent and principally for the production of fence posts, using catalpa 

 and locust. In one 50-acre plantationf set in 1882-1884, yellow poplar, black 

 walnut, chestnut, red oak, white ash, maples, white pine and a few other species 

 were planted. The cost of planting, if home-grown stock is used, is estimated at 

 $8 per acre. Commercial forest planting has a small place as yet in this State. 



Ohio Valley 



Under this may be included Ohio, Indiana and Northern Kentucky. One 

 may distinguish in general (1) upland forests, containing oaks, hickories, sugar 

 maple, white ash, tulip poplar, basswood, walnut, cherry and beech; (2) lowland 

 forests of elm, red maple, black ash, sycamore willow, gums, etc. The region is 

 predominantly agricultural, and, for the most part, the forest is found in small 

 detached parcels. Much planting for production of fence posts has been done 

 successfully. The chief species planted have been catalpa, locust and Osage 

 orange. This planting has been profitable, yielding good returns in a short period 

 of years. Climatic conditions are more favorable for growth than in similar 

 operations in the prairie region of the West. Values of land are high, and hence 

 but small areas on farms in the best agricultural sections can be devoted to such 

 planting. Interest in quick-growing species has been stimulated by co-operative 

 assistance of the Agricultural Experiment Station. This has been done with the 

 purpose of creating an interest in the planting of long-lived species for timber 

 production and of encouraging care of woodlots. 



f The following table gives the average returns from 12 catalpa plantations in 

 4 counties in Ohio, spacing and site conditions varying much. Their ages ranged 

 from 18 to 28 years. 



Number of posts per acre 8,710 



Per cent first-class posts 70 



Per cent second-class posts 30 



Value per acre $198.59 



Average annual increase in value per acre 8.54 



* Bull. 82, Report on Forest Conditions in Delaware. Delaware College Agricultural 

 Experiment Station, Newark, Del., 1908. 



t Report of the Maryland State Board of Forestry. 1910-11. 



JBull. 204, Forest Conditions in Ohio. Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, 

 Ohio, 1909. 



