FlfTH NATIONAL CONSUEVATION CONGRESS 169 



running of levels ; determination of areas ; location of lines and profiles of roads 

 and trails ; keeping of notes and plotting of surveys. Sufficient mechanical draw- 

 ing must be included for accurate plotting, lettering, etc.) 



d. Estimating and scaling timber. 



(Accurate estimating of common forest products, saw timber, pulpwood, 

 cordwood, railroad ties, poles, etc.; concise descriptive notes of merchantable 

 condition and quality of timber; log scaling and measurement of other forest 

 products with special training in allowance for defect; preparation and use of 

 volume tables.) 



e. Forest botany. 



(Life of the tree in general, factors affecting forest vegetation; the winter 

 and summer characteristics of local species leading to their identification.) 



f. Elementary silviculture. 



(Habits and characteristics of local forest trees; determination of their 

 maturity and condition with reference to time of cutting; competition of species 

 composing stands; local forest types; methods of treating local types and of 

 renewing or improving them in connection with cutting, objects, rules for woods 

 practice, etc.) 



g. Lumbering. 



(Prevailing methods of logging and manufacture in the region; layout and 

 construction of common types of improvements ; preparation of concise de- 

 scriptive notes of logging conditions on forest tracts; common types of logging 

 and milling equipment ; costs of structures, equipment and woods and mill opera- 

 tions; determination of stumpage values. All of the more common forest prod- 

 ucts of the region should be covered.) 



h. Preparation of forest maps. 



(The collection of field data and drafting; type, stand, and logging maps.) 



Secondary Subjects: — 



The secondary subjects are also applicable in all parts of the country; they 

 are all desirable but not essential. The incorporation of one or more of them 

 into the curriculum depends upon, the amount of time required for special sub- 

 jects in the particular locality and their relative importance in that locality. These 

 subjects are as follows: 



a. More advanced silviculture. 



(Habits and characteristics of more important American forest trees, not 

 restricted to those of local occurrence; the types in which they occur and the 

 forestal problems presented in their management; the more common silvicultural 

 methods, not restricted to those of local application, their objects and rules for 

 woods practice ; thinnings ; improvement cuttings, etc. ) 



(Seed collection, extraction and storage; forest nursery operations; field 

 seeding and planting.) 



b. More advanced lumbering. 



(Principles, structures, equipment and methods, with detailed costs, in com- 

 mon use in the principal lumber producing regions; comparative merits of dif- 

 ferent methods and equipment under varying conditions of topography, forest 

 stands, markets, climate, etc. ; the place of the large and small operations ; more 

 intensive study of local machinery and methods.) 



