FIFTH NATI0NAI< CONSERVATION CONGRESS 237 



of the most progressive companies. There are two principal systems in use at 

 the present time. One, the "Brown's Bay System," is fully described and illus- 

 trated in the appended memorandum. Its principal drawback seems to be the 

 fact that only a portion of the logging crew is included in the bonus given for 

 greater efficiency. As a matter of fact, the working out of the bonus system has 

 shown that the effort to keep up an increased output affects every man in the 

 camp. Cooks have more lunches to put up, pump men extra hours to put in, 

 train crew have more to do, etc. 



Another system now coming into use seems a little more equitable. The 

 foreman, superintendent, and hook-tender carefully size up a new landing before 

 going on to it to log, and put an estimate as to the amount of timber which could 

 be logged to the landing under normal conditions for the coming month ; this 

 figure representing what would ordinarily be regarded as "good logging." For 

 each 1,000 ft. B. M. over this amount the men receive a set bonus. Should a 

 man work only ten days, let us say, and the average output for those ten days 

 exceed the required daily average for the month, then he would be entitled to his 

 proportionate share of the bonus. Should the amount logged fall under this 

 required average, he would only receive his guaranteed wage. 



In almost every instance in camps where these systems are being used, they 

 are pronounced a success. The output increases, the men take a more personal 

 interest in their work, go out after supper in the summer to lay out the next day's 

 work, and have a real pride in the organization of their crew and camp. 



Another question which comes up in this connection is that of some suitable 

 method of paying the fallers in proportion to their real value to the company. It 

 is always the fallers who put down the most timber who are of the greatest 

 value. A little carelessness may easily break enough timber to discount the wages 

 paid the men many times. This has been the principal reason for getting away 

 from the old system of paying the fallers according to the amount of timber they 

 put down. It caused a great deal of unnecessary breakage. As a rule, the men 

 are now paid by the day, in some instances the foreman or superintendents being 

 allowed to increase the wages of particularly good men. This is more or less 

 unsatisfactory, however, and the larger companies permit no leeway in this 

 respect. 



The cook camps are self-supporting, as a rule, board being from $o to $5.50 

 per week. The quality and variety of the food is of a very high order. Fresh 

 meats, vegetables in season, a good quality of canned fruit and vegetables, are. 

 to be found in practically all of the camps. It has been well demonstrated in 

 the logging business that a well-fed man gives better service and is more easily 

 satisfied with his job. 



Cooks are paid from $50 to $150 per month, depending on the size of the 

 crew. Camps of 60 men or more usually have an assistant cook, the kitchen help 

 being figured on a basis of one man in the kitchen for each 30 men in the crew. 



The supplies are ordered through the timekeeper and bought by the town 

 office of the company. Fresh meat is delivered twice a week in the summer and 

 once a week in the winter. General orders are sent out about once a week, as a 

 rule. 



